Conservation of Severely Deteriorated, Dry Painted Wood: A Case Study From Abydos, Egypt
Conservation of Severely Deteriorated, Dry Painted Wood: A Case Study From Abydos, Egypt
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严重退化、干漆木材的保护：埃及阿比多斯的案例研究
DOI：
10.1080/01971360.2021.1951551
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
J. Richards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Davis;H. Sadek;C. Chemello;G. Smith;P. Hatchfield;R. Blanchette;Ahmed M. Abdel;J. Richards
摘要对埃及阿拜多斯出土的公元前3000年晚期严重损坏的木雕像进行了调查，以了解它们的原始制造，随后的损坏情况，并制定保护处理计划。由于埃及限制考古材料的取样和出口，科学家和文物保护人员进行了非破坏性分析，并对阿拜多斯现场的潜在处理方法进行了经验测试。对木材基质进行显微镜检查，以确定木材种类，并了解昆虫和真菌的损害，并培养真菌进行鉴定。装饰表面进行了研究，以确定颜料和粘合介质;元素成分进行了分析，便携式XRF，中红外光谱收集使用一个小型光谱仪，并进行了几个湿化学测试。值得注意的结果包括可能使用雌黄的文物可追溯到旧王国和各种木材类型的识别在一个离散的考古背景下，可能，在单一的对象。保护处理测试的重点是为高度退化的木材基材和易碎的油漆层选择固化剂和填充材料。两个案例研究介绍了两个最大和最精心装饰的雕像从挖掘到准备展示的成功处理。
ABSTRACT Severely deteriorated wood statues dating to the later third millennium BCE and excavated at Abydos, Egypt, were investigated to learn about their original manufacture, subsequent deterioration, and to develop a conservation treatment plan. Because Egypt restricts the sampling and export of archaeological materials, scientists and conservators conducted non-destructive analysis and engaged in empirical testing of potential treatments at the Abydos field site. The wood substrate was examined microscopically to determine wood species and to understand damage by insects and fungi, and fungi were cultured for identification. Decorative surfaces were studied to identify pigments and binding media; elemental compositions were analyzed with portable XRF, mid-infrared spectra were collected using a small spectrometer, and several wet chemical tests were performed. Notable results include the likely use of orpiment on artifacts dating to the Old Kingdom and the identification of a wide variety of wood types within a discrete archaeological context and, probably, in single objects. Conservation treatment testing focused on choosing consolidants and fill materials for the highly degraded wood substrate and friable paint layer. Two case studies present the successful treatment of the two largest and most elaborately decorated statues from the time of excavation to readiness for display.