Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Hippopotamus amphibius from Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa
Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Hippopotamus amphibius from Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/15627020.2016.1174076
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Barklow, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beckwitt, Richard;Barbagallo, Jessica;Barklow, William
近年来，整个非洲的两栖河马数量有所下降，并且预计还会进一步下降。了解河马个体种群的种群遗传学对于有效管理是必要的。为此，我们对来自南非克鲁格国家公园 (KNP) 中部地区的 6 个群体的 37 只两栖动物的线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 控制区或 D 环的一部分进行了测序。我们通过 PCR 扩增了 453 bp 的片段，并鉴定了 21 个多态性位点和 7 个单倍型。所有这些单倍型都是私人等位基因，在南部非洲的其他河马种群中没有发现。总体核苷酸多样性 (pi) 为 0.01739，单倍型多样性 (hd) 为 0.8273，在非洲其他地区观察到的范围内。与人口快速扩张或空间扩张相比，错配分析更符合人口规模恒定的模型。分子方差分析表明，畜群之间没有显着差异，Mantel 测试表明，相距 47 公里（以欧几里得 [x,y] 距离测量）或 77 公里（沿河流测量）的畜群之间的地理距离和遗传距离之间没有显着关系。在此范围内，人口似乎是一个单一的恐慌单位。与来自不同牛群的成年雌性相比，小牛更有可能与同一牛群中的成年雌性共享 mtDNA 单倍型这一假设的检验并不显着。
Populations of Hippopotamus amphibius have declined throughout Africa in recent years, and are expected to decline further. An understanding of the population genetics of individual populations of hippos is necessary for effective management. To that end, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region or D-loop from 37 H. amphibius, from six herds in the central region of Kruger National Park (KNP), Republic of South Africa. We amplified a 453 bp segment by PCR, and identified 21 polymorphic sites and seven haplotypes. All of these haplotypes are private alleles, not found in other populations of hippos from southern Africa. Overall nucleotide diversity (pi) was 0.01739, and haplotype diversity (hd) was 0.8273, within the range observed in other parts of Africa. Mismatch analysis conformed more closely to a model of constant population size than either rapid demographic or spatial expansion. An analysis of molecular variance demonstrated no significant differentiation among herds, and Mantel tests showed no significant relationship between geographic and genetic distance among herds separated by up to 47 km (measured as Euclidean [x,y] distance) or 77 km (measured along rivers). Over this range, the population appears to be a single panmictic unit. A test of the hypothesis that calves are more likely to share a mtDNA haplotype with an adult female in the same herd than an adult female from a different herd was not significant.