Micronutrients in pregnancy
Micronutrients in pregnancy
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DOI：
10.1079/bjn2000314
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Black, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, RE
维生素和矿物质统称为微量营养素，对孕妇和正在发育的胎儿的健康具有重要影响。缺铁会导致贫血，这可能会增加分娩过程中因出血而死亡的风险，但其对胎儿发育和出生结果的影响仍不清楚。叶酸缺乏可导致血液学后果、妊娠并发症和先天性畸形，但与其他出生结果的关系又是模棱两可的。在一些（但并非所有）研究中，缺锌与妊娠和分娩并发症以及胎儿生长迟缓、先天性异常和神经行为和免疫发育迟缓有关。怀孕期间缺碘会导致克汀病，并可能导致胎儿衰竭和早产。镁、硒、铜和钙等其他矿物质的缺乏也与怀孕、分娩或胎儿发育的并发症有关。缺乏叶酸以外的维生素也可能与此类并发症有关；在尼泊尔进行的一项对照试验中，怀孕期间补充维生素 A 或 β-胡萝卜素可将孕产妇死亡率降低 50%。需要对此类缺陷的普遍程度及其后果以及控制这些缺陷的具有成本效益的公共卫生干预措施进行更多研究。
Vitamins and minerals, referred to collectively as micronutrients, have important influences on the health of pregnant women and the growing fetus. Iron deficiency results in anemia which may increase the risk of death from hemorrhage during delivery, but its effects on fetal development and birth outcomes is still unclear. Folic acid deficiency can lead to hematological consequences, pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, but again the association with other birth outcomes is equivocal. Zinc deficiency has been associated in some, but not all studies with complications of pregnancy and delivery, as well as with growth retardation, congenital abnormalities and retarded neurobehavioral and immunological development in the fetus. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy results in cretinism and possible fetal wastage and preterm delivery. Deficiency of other minerals such as magnesium, selenium, copper, and calcium have also been associated with complications of pregnancy, childbirth or fetal development. Deficiencies of vitamins other than folate may likewise be related to such complications; and vitamin A or beta -carotene supplements in pregnancy reduced maternal mortality by 50 % in a controlled trial in Nepal. Additional research is need on the prevalence of such deficiencies and their consequences and on cost-effective public health interventions for their control.