Covariation of learning and "reasoning" abilities in mice: evolutionary conservation of the operations of intelligence.
Covariation of learning and "reasoning" abilities in mice: evolutionary conservation of the operations of intelligence.
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小鼠学习和“推理”能力的协变：智力运作的进化守恒。
DOI：
10.1037/a0027355
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Matzel,LouisD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wass,Christopher;Denman-Brice,Alexander;Rios,Chris;Light,KennethR;Kolata,Stefan;Smith,AndrewM;Matzel,LouisD
当代对人类智力的描述认为，这一特征影响了广泛的认知能力，包括学习、注意力和推理。像人类一样，遗传异质性的个体小鼠表现出一种“一般”认知特征，这种特征会影响一系列不同的学习和注意力任务的表现，而且有人认为，这种特征在质量和结构上与人类的一般智力相似。然而，人类智慧的标志是使用各种形式的“推理”来支持解决新问题的能力。在这里，我们发现遗传异质性的小鼠能够解决名义上表明归纳和演绎推理形式的问题，并且个体的推理能力与更一般的学习能力相关。根据小鼠在五项不同学习任务中的综合表现(由主成分分析得出)，对小鼠的一般学习能力进行了表征。然后对这些动物进行原型测试，这些测试表明演绎推理(通过排除推理来推断新条目的含义，即“快速映射”)和归纳推理(在二叉决策树中执行有效的搜索策略)。这些动物在每一项名义推理任务上都表现出系统的能力，这是通过它们在一系列学习任务上的综合表现来预测的。这些结果表明，在遗传异质性小鼠中，推理和一般学习表现的共同调节形成了类似于人类智力的核心认知特征。
Contemporary descriptions of human intelligence hold that this trait influences a broad range of cognitive abilities, including learning, attention, and reasoning. Like humans, individual genetically heterogeneous mice express a “general” cognitive trait that influences performance across a diverse array of learning and attentional tasks, and it has been suggested that this trait is qualitatively and structurally analogous to general intelligence in humans. However, the hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to use various forms of “reasoning” to support solutions to novel problems. Here, we find that genetically heterogeneous mice are capable of solving problems that are nominally indicative of inductive and deductive forms of reasoning, and that individuals' capacity for reasoning covaries with more general learning abilities. Mice were characterized for their general learning ability as determined by their aggregate performance (derived from principal component analysis) across a battery of five diverse learning tasks. These animals were then assessed on prototypic tests indicative of deductive reasoning (inferring the meaning of a novel item by exclusion, ie,“fast mapping”) and inductive reasoning (execution of an efficient search strategy in a binary decision tree). The animals exhibited systematic abilities on each of these nominal reasoning tasks that were predicted by their aggregate performance on the battery of learning tasks. These results suggest that the coregulation of reasoning and general learning performance in genetically heterogeneous mice form a core cognitive trait that is analogous to human intelligence.