The critical importance of retrieval for learning
The critical importance of retrieval for learning
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1152408
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发表时间：
2008-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Roediger, Henry L., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karpicke, Jeffrey D.;Roediger, Henry L., III
当一个学生能对一个问题给出正确的答案时，学习通常被认为是完成的。在我们的研究中，学生在一个条件下学习外语词汇的标准范式的重复学习测试试验。在其他三种情况下，一旦学生正确地产生了词汇项目，它会被反复学习但从进一步的测试中删除，反复测试但从进一步的学习中删除，或者从学习和测试中删除。学习后重复学习对延迟回忆没有影响，但重复测试产生了很大的积极影响。此外，学生对自己表现的预测与实际表现无关。结果表明，检索实践在巩固学习中的关键作用，并表明，即使是大学生似乎没有意识到这一事实。
Learning is often considered complete when a student can produce the correct answer to a question. In our research, students in one condition learned foreign language vocabulary words in the standard paradigm of repeated study- test trials. In three other conditions, once a student had correctly produced the vocabulary item, it was repeatedly studied but dropped from further testing, repeatedly tested but dropped from further study, or dropped from both study and test. Repeated studying after learning had no effect on delayed recall, but repeated testing produced a large positive effect. In addition, students' predictions of their performance were uncorrelated with actual performance. The results demonstrate the critical role of retrieval practice in consolidating learning and show that even university students seem unaware of this fact.