Bridges and Barriers: Religion and Immigrant Occupational Attainment across Integration Contexts
Bridges and Barriers: Religion and Immigrant Occupational Attainment across Integration Contexts
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DOI：
10.1111/imre.12012
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Koenig, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connor, Phillip;Koenig, Matthias
本文提出了知识的背景依赖的影响，宗教对移民的结构性融合。借鉴代际移民融合的理论，它确定并阐明了两个依赖于背景的机制，通过这种机制，宗教作为种族标志，促进排斥和歧视，或作为社会组织，提供获得有形资源的结构性融合的影响。在三个不同的整合背景下，不同的宗教边界配置和宗教领域的特点，美国，加拿大和西欧的职业成就的全国代表性的数据进行实证检验的命题。本文利用美国综合社会调查、加拿大种族多样性调查和欧洲社会调查的数据，分析了第一代和第二代移民的宗教信仰和参与对职业成就的间接和直接影响。分析发现，只有有限的证据，假设在强烈的宗教边界的背景下（如西欧，在较小程度上，加拿大），移民面临的结构性融合的宗教惩罚。相比之下，分析支持这样的假设，即在宗教领域蓬勃发展的背景下（如美国，在较小程度上，加拿大），宗教出席往往与职业成就呈正相关，特别是对第二代。第一次，本文实证检验的论点跨大西洋的宗教移民结构整合的作用的差异，并提出了更好地整合微观导向的调查研究与宏观导向的制度分析的方法。
This article advances knowledge about context-dependent impacts of religion on immigrant structural integration. Drawing on theories of inter-generational immigrant integration, it identifies and spells out two context-dependent mechanisms through which religion impinges upon structural integration as ethnic marker prompting exclusion and discrimination, or as social organization providing access to tangible resources. The propositions are empirically tested with nationally representative data on occupational attainment in three different integration contexts which vary in religious boundary configurations and religious field characteristics the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. Using data from the US General Social Survey, the Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, and the European Social Survey, the article analyzes indirect and direct effects of religious affiliation and participation on occupational attainment among first and second generation immigrants. The analyses find only limited evidence for the assumption that in contexts with strong religious boundaries (such as Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, Canada), immigrants face religious penalties in structural integration. By contrast, the analyses support the assumption that in contexts with a thriving religious field (such as the United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada), religious attendance tends to be positively related to occupational attainment, especially for the second generation. For the first time, the article empirically tests arguments about transatlantic differences in the role of religion for immigrant structural integration, and it suggests ways of better integrating micro-oriented survey research with macro-oriented institutional analysis.