When pain gets stuck: the evolution of pain chronification and treatment resistance.

When pain gets stuck: the evolution of pain chronification and treatment resistance.
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DOI:
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001401
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发表时间:
2018-12
期刊:
影响因子:
7.4
通讯作者:
Eccleston C
Eccleston C
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Borsook D;Youssef AM;Simons L;Elman I;Eccleston C

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众所周知,尽管有类似的疼痛特征,但一些慢性疼痛患者会康复,而另一些则不会。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了可能的贡献和生物,社会和心理扰动的相互作用的基础上的治疗难治性慢性疼痛的演变。行为和大脑与知觉的产生和维持密切相关。我们对产生或加剧持续性疼痛的潜在机制的理解仍然相对不清楚。我们提供了这些相互作用的概述,以及压力,年龄,遗传学,环境和免疫反应性等维度的相对贡献差异如何产生疾病发展,疼痛严重程度和慢性的不同风险特征。我们提出了“粘性”的概念,作为一个绰号,捕捉疼痛和疼痛行为的持续性的多重影响,以及他们对治疗干预的顽固抵抗。然后,我们专注于奖励和厌恶的神经生物学,以解决突触复杂性,神经网络和系统(例如,阿片样物质能和多巴胺能)可能导致疼痛粘性。最后,我们提出将神经生物学与已知的环境和社会对疼痛行为的要求相结合,并根据个人对非稳态负荷的脆弱性或保护的性质探索治疗方法。
It is well recognized that, despite similar pain characteristics, some people with chronic pain recover, whereas others do not. In this review, we discuss possible contributions and interactions of biological, social, and psychological perturbations that underlie the evolution of treatment-resistant chronic pain. Behavior and brain are intimately implicated in the production and maintenance of perception. Our understandings of potential mechanisms that produce or exacerbate persistent pain remain relatively unclear. We provide an overview of these interactions and how differences in relative contribution of dimensions such as stress, age, genetics, environment, and immune responsivity may produce different risk profiles for disease development, pain severity and chronicity. We propose the concept of ‘stickiness’ as a soubriquet for capturing the multiple influences on the persistence of pain and pain behavior, and their stubborn resistance to therapeutic intervention. We then focus on the neurobiology of reward and aversion to address how alterations in synaptic complexity, neural networks and systems (e.g., opioidergic and dopaminergic) may contribute to pain stickiness. Finally, we propose an integration of the neurobiological with what is known about environmental and social demands on pain behavior and explore treatment approaches based on the nature of the individual’s vulnerability to or protection from allostatic load.
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