Some bioengineering considerations for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.
Some bioengineering considerations for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.
复制标题
关节软骨组织工程的一些生物工程考虑。
DOI：
10.1097/00003086-199910001-00021
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wang,CC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mow,VC;Wang,CC
软骨细胞将物理刺激转化为细胞内信号的机制，进而指导细胞活动，是当前骨科组织工程研究的热点领域。本报告旨在提供一些生物力学工程因素的概述，这些因素是进行这类研究所必需的。讨论了软骨的两个具体方面：(1)组织如何在生物力学上起作用；(2)关节软骨内部物理刺激的性质是什么。通过关注材料性能的不均匀性的影响，一些力学和电化学事件（物理刺激）的描述，将在软骨加载期间发生。考虑了两种简单而常见的试验：渗透试验和受限压缩试验。利用适当的本构定律（双相和三相理论）进行理论分析，揭示了细胞外基质如何将表面载荷转化为机械和电化学信号，进而转化为水力和渗透压、流体、溶质和离子流动、基质变形和电场的细节。材料的不均匀性被证明能够显著改变细胞外基质内的机械和电化学事件，从而改变软骨细胞周围的环境。材料的不均匀性引起的流动间质流体通过多孔性和渗透性细胞外基质也进行了讨论。在作者看来，带电荷的细胞外基质，连同相关的间质液和离子，可以被认为是一个信号换能器。了解细胞外基质中机械和电化学事件的性质，以及它们在加载期间和加载后随时间和位置的变化，对于理解软骨细胞和关节软骨中的机械信号转导机制至关重要。
The mechanism (s) by which chondrocytes convert physical stimuli to intracellular signals, which in turn direct cell activities, represents an area of intense current orthopaedic tissue engineering research. This report is aimed at providing an overview of some biomechanical engineering factors that are required for pursuing this type of research. Two specific aspects of cartilage are addressed:(1) how does the tissue function biomechanically; and (2) what is the nature of physical stimuli inside articular cartilage. By focusing on the effects of inhomogeneities of material properties, a description of some of the mechanical and electrochemical events (the physical stimuli) that would occur in cartilage during loading is presented. Two simple and common tests are considered: permeation and confined compression. Theoretical analyses using appropriate constitutive laws (the biphasic and triphasic theories) reveal the details of how surface loadings are converted to mechanical and electrochemical signals by the extracellular matrix to hydraulic and osmotic pressures, fluid, solute and ion flows, matrix deformations, and electrical fields. The material inhomogeneities are shown to be able to significantly change the mechanical and electrochemical events within the extracellular matrix, and thus the environments around chondrocytes. Material inhomogeneities arising from the flow of interstitial fluid through the porous and permeable extracellular matrix also are discussed. In the authors' view, the charged extracellular matrix, together with the associated interstitial fluid and ions, collectively can be thought of as a signal transducer. Knowledge of the nature of the mechanical and electrochemical events in the extracellular matrix, and their variations with time and location during and after loading, is essential in the understanding of the mechanical signal transduction mechanism (s) in chondrocytes and articular cartilage.