High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lake Iroquois and its Holocene successor: Oneida Lake, New York
High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lake Iroquois and its Holocene successor: Oneida Lake, New York
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晚更新世易洛魁冰川湖及其全新世后继者：纽约州奥奈达湖的高分辨率地震地层学
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109286
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Scholz, Christopher A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaremba, Nicholas J.;Scholz, Christopher A.
纽约的奥奈达湖是易洛魁冰川湖的遗迹，易洛魁冰川湖是一个大的前冰川湖，在最后一次冰川消退期间向大西洋输送淡水。易洛魁冰川湖的形成及其随后通过莫霍克山谷流入大西洋的排水是劳伦泰德冰盖融水向东而不是通过阿勒格尼河或萨斯奎哈纳河向南的重大转变。易洛魁冰川湖通过尚普兰山谷进入大西洋的灾难性排水被解释为造成阿勒罗德内冷标准的融水脉冲。因此，了解易洛魁冰湖的演化对了解晚更新世古气候具有重要意义。高分辨率CHIRP地震反射数据提供了对冰川湖易洛魁和奥奈达湖演化的深入了解。三个地震单元对奥内达盆地的不同阶段进行了成像。第1单元被解释为覆盖在冰川丘上的前冰川湖泊沉积物。第2单元被解释为奥奈达盆地与易洛魁冰湖分离时沉积的沉积物，第3单元被解释为现代湖泊的湖泊沉积物。远源浊积岩可能是由地震活动或冰盖融水脉冲引发的，表现为无反射声相，填充地形低洼，厚度范围为~ 1-5 m，在其他整合的前冰湖沉积物中。在1号和2号单元之间的边界成像的局部滑塌沉积物可能是由易洛魁冰川湖的排水引发的。在2号单元的上边界面上显示出低水位的波切阶地可能是全新世低温期干燥条件的结果。此外，这种低水位的保存表明湖泊水位迅速上升，可能是由于向更湿润的气候过渡的结果，导致了在劳伦森五大湖观察到的尼皮辛海侵。
Oneida Lake, New York, is the remnant of Glacial Lake Iroquois, a large proglacial lake that delivered fresh water to the Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. The formation of Glacial Lake Iroquois and its subsequent drainage into the Atlantic Ocean via the Mohawk Valley was a significant shift in the routing of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater to the east instead of south via the Allegheny or Susquehanna Rivers. Catastrophic drainage of Glacial Lake Iroquois into the Atlantic Ocean via the Champlain Valley is interpreted as the meltwater pulse responsible for the Intra-Allerod cold stadial. Therefore, understanding the evolution of Glacial Lake Iroquois has significant implications for understanding late Pleistocene paleoclimate.High-resolution CHIRP seismic reflection data provides insight into the evolution of Glacial Lake Iroquois and Oneida Lake. Three seismic units image distinct stages of the Oneida Basin. Unit 1 is interpreted as proglacial lake deposits that overlie glacial till. Unit 2 is interpreted as sediments deposited when the Oneida Basin became isolated from Glacial Lake Iroquois and Unit 3 is interpreted as lacustrine sediments of the modern lake. Distally sourced turbidites possibly triggered by seismic activity or ice sheet meltwater pulses are represented as reflection-free acoustic facies that infill topographic lows and range in thickness from ~1–5 m within otherwise conformable proglacial lake deposits. Local slump deposits imaged at the boundary between Unit 1 and 2 were likely triggered by the drainage of Glacial Lake Iroquois. Wave cut terraces indicative of a low stand on the upper bounding surface of Unit 2 are likely the result of drier conditions during the Holocene Hypsithermal. Furthermore, preservation of this low stand suggests a rapid rise in lake level, possibly the result of the same transition to a wetter climate responsible for the Nipissing transgression observed in the Laurentian Great lakes.
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