A Review of Time Scale Fundamentals in the g-Formula and Insidious Selection Bias
A Review of Time Scale Fundamentals in the g-Formula and Insidious Selection Bias
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DOI：
10.1007/s40471-018-0153-0
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Edwards, Jessie K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keil, Alexander P.;Edwards, Jessie K.
回顾的目的我们回顾最近使用 g 公式进行数据分析的例子，g 公式是分析纵向数据和生存分析的强大工具。具体来说，我们关注时间尺度的常见选择，并审查可能出现的推理问题。最近的发现研究人员越来越多地参与需要时间尺度受到左截断和右审查的问题。文献中明确定义了允许右删失所需的假设，而左截断的类似假设则没有明确定义。政策和生物学考虑有时规定观察数据必须在受左截断影响的时间尺度上进行分析，例如年龄。总结需要进一步考虑左截断，特别是当生物学或政策考虑规定年龄是相关的感兴趣时间尺度时。需要开发方法来减少可能发生左截断时出现偏差的可能性。
Purpose of ReviewWe review recent examples of data analysis with the g-formula, a powerful tool for analyzing longitudinal data and survival analysis. Specifically, we focus on the common choices of time scale and review inferential issues that may arise.Recent FindingsResearchers are increasingly engaged with questions that require time scales subject to left truncation and right censoring. The assumptions necessary for allowing right censoring are well defined in the literature, whereas similar assumptions for left truncation are not well defined. Policy and biologic considerations sometimes dictate that observational data must be analyzed on time scales that are subject to left truncation, such as age.SummaryFurther consideration of left truncation is needed, especially when biologic or policy considerations dictate that age is the relevant time scale of interest. Methodologic development is needed to reduce potential for bias when left truncation may occur.