Is the Levels of Processing effect language-limited?
Is the Levels of Processing effect language-limited?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jm1.2016.05.001
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hitch, Graham J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baddeley, Alan D.;Hitch, Graham J.
加工水平（LOP）的概念，提出了深层编码增强保留，在情节记忆的研究中发挥了核心作用。然而，证据几乎完全基于对单个单词的保留。在五个实验中，我们比较了视觉和言语刺激之间的LOP效应，使用愉悦的判断作为诱导深层编码的方法，并选择了一系列浅层编码判断，以便适用于言语和视觉刺激。LOP效应是一致的，但适度的视觉刺激（平均效应大小0.5）。相比之下，LOP效应的口头刺激变化很大，从温和的人的名字和不熟悉的动物（平均效应量0.6），熟悉的动物和家居用品（平均效应量1.4），典型的戏剧性LOP效应，现有的口头文学的特点。我们解释我们的数据，通过吉布森的概念“启示”，提出视觉和言语刺激不同的数量和丰富的功能，他们负担得起的，而这些功能的访问将反过来取决于编码策略。我们的假设很容易与Nairne的长期记忆特征模型联系起来。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The concept of Levels of Processing (LOP), proposing that deep coding enhances retention, has played a central role in the study of episodic memory. Evidence has however been based almost entirely on retention of individual words. Across five experiments, we compare LOP effects between visual and verbal stimuli, using judgments of pleasantness as a method of inducing deep encoding and a range of shallow encoding judgments selected so as to be applicable to both verbal and visual stimuli. LOP effects were consistent but modest across the visual stimuli (mean effect size 0.5). In contrast, LOP effects for verbal stimuli varied widely, from modest for people's names and unfamiliar animals (mean effect size 0.6) to large for familiar animals and household items (mean effect size 1.4), typical of the dramatic LOP effects that characterize the existing verbal literature. We interpret our data through the Gibsonian concept of "affordance", proposing that visual and verbal stimuli vary in the number and richness of features they afford, and that access to such features will in turn depend on encoding strategy. Our hypothesis links readily with Nairne's feature model of long-term memory. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.