IceCube-Gen2: the window to the extreme Universe
IceCube-Gen2: the window to the extreme Universe
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DOI：
10.1088/1361-6471/abbd48
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发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. I. C. M. G. Aartsen;R. Abbasi;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;C. Alispach;P. Allison;N. M. Amin;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;T. Arlen;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;V. A.Balagopal;A. Barbano;I. Bartos;B. Bastian;V. Basu;V. Baum;S. Baur;R. Bay;J. Beatty;K. Becker;J. Tjus;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Bohmer;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Bottcher;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;R. Burley;J. Buscher;R. Busse;M. Bustamante;M. Campana;E. Carnie-Bronca;T. Carver;C. Chen;P. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;S. Choi;B. Clark;K. Clark;L. Classen;A. Coleman;G. Collin;A. Connolly;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;C. Deaconu;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;S. D. Kockere;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;A. Desai;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;S. Dharani;A. Diaz;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;M. DuVernois;E. Dvorak;T. Ehrhardt;P. Eller;R. Engel;J. Evans;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;K. Farrag;A. Fazely;J. Felde;A. Fienberg;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;L. Fischer;D. Fox;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;D.Garcia-Fernandez;S. Garrappa;A. Gartner;L. Gerhardt;R. Gernhaeuser;A. Ghadimi;C. Glaser;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;S. Goswami;D. Grant;T. Gr'egoire;Z. Griffith;S. Griswold;M. Gunduz;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;R. Halliday;L. Halve;F. Halzen;J. Hanson;K. Hanson;J. Hardin;J. Haugen;A. Haungs;S. Hauser;D. Hebecker;D. Heinen;P. Heix;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;F. Henningsen;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;C. Hill;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;B. Hoffmann;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Holzapfel;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;T. Huber;T. Huege;K. Hughes;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;M. Jansson;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;B. Jones;F. Jonske;R. Joppe;O. Kalekin;D. Kang;W. Kang;X. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;M. Karl;A. Karle;T. Katori;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;M. Kellermann;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim-;K. Kin;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;M. Kleifges;S. R. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;P. Koundal;M. Kovacevich;M. Kowalski;C. Krauss;K. Krings;G. Kruckl;N. Kulacz;N. Kurahashi;C. L. Gualda;R. Lahmann;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;U. Latif;F. Lauber;J. Lazar;K. Leonard;A. Leszczy'nska;Y. Li;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;J. LoSecco;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;F. Lucarelli;A. Ludwig;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;Y. Lyu;W. Ma;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;P. Mallik;S. Mancina;S. Mandalia;I. Marics;S. Márka;Z. Márka;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;A. Medina;M. Meier;S. Meighen-Berger;J. Merz;Z. Meyers;J. Micallef;D. Mockler;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;R. Morse;M. Moulai;P. Muth;R. Naab;R. Nagai;J. Nam;U. Naumann;J. Necker;G. Neer;A. Nelles;L. Nguyen;H. Niederhausen;M. Nisa;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;E. Oberla;A. Pollmann;M. Oehler;A. Olivas;E. O’Sullivan;Y. Pan;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;L. Papp;N. Park;G. Parker;E. Paudel;P. Peiffer;C. P. D. L. Heros;T. Petersen;S. Philippen;D. Pieloth;S. Pieper;J. Pinfold;A. Pizzuto;I. Plaisier;M. Plum;Y. Popovych;A. Porcelli;M. Rodriguez;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;A. Raissi;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;A. Rehman;R. Reimann;M. Renschler;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;S. Reusch;W. Rhode;M. Richman;B. Riedel;M. Riegel;E. Roberts;S. Robertson;G. Roellinghoff;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. R. Cantu;I. Safa;S. S. Herrera-S.;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;P. Sandstrom;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;Maximilian Karl Scharf;M. Schaufel;H. Schieler;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;F. Schroder;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;M. Shaevitz;A. Sharma;S. Shefali;M. Silva;D. Smith;B. Smithers;R. Snihur;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;S. Soldner-Rembold;M. Song;D. Southall;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;R. Stein;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;N. Strotjohann;T. Sturwald;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;I. Taboada;A. Taketa;H. Tanaka;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;K. Tollefson;L. Tomankova;C. Tonnis;J. Torres;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;A. Trettin;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;J. P. Twagirayezu;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;J. Vandenbroucke;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;D. Vannerom;J. Santen;D. Veberič;S. Verpoest;A. Vieregg;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;T. Watson;C. Weaver;A. Weindl;L. Weinstock;M. Weiss;J. Weldert;C. Welling;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;D. Williams;S. Wissel;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;S. Wren;J. Wulff;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;Z. Zhang;S. Zierke;M. Zocklein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. I. C. M. G. Aartsen;R. Abbasi;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;C. Alispach;P. Allison;N. M. Amin;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;T. Arlen;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;V. A.Balagopal;A. Barbano;I. Bartos;B. Bastian;V. Basu;V. Baum;S. Baur;R. Bay;J. Beatty;K. Becker;J. Tjus;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Bohmer;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Bottcher;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;R. Burley;J. Buscher;R. Busse;M. Bustamante;M. Campana;E. Carnie-Bronca;T. Carver;C. Chen;P. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;S. Choi;B. Clark;K. Clark;L. Classen;A. Coleman;G. Collin;A. Connolly;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;C. Deaconu;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;S. D. Kockere;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;A. Desai;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;S. Dharani;A. Diaz;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;M. DuVernois;E. Dvorak;T. Ehrhardt;P. Eller;R. Engel;J. Evans;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;K. Farrag;A. Fazely;J. Felde;A. Fienberg;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;L. Fischer;D. Fox;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;D.Garcia-Fernandez;S. Garrappa;A. Gartner;L. Gerhardt;R. Gernhaeuser;A. Ghadimi;C. Glaser;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;S. Goswami;D. Grant;T. Gr'egoire;Z. Griffith;S. Griswold;M. Gunduz;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;R. Halliday;L. Halve;F. Halzen;J. Hanson;K. Hanson;J. Hardin;J. Haugen;A. Haungs;S. Hauser;D. Hebecker;D. Heinen;P. Heix;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;F. Henningsen;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;C. Hill;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;B. Hoffmann;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Holzapfel;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;T. Huber;T. Huege;K. Hughes;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;M. Jansson;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;B. Jones;F. Jonske;R. Joppe;O. Kalekin;D. Kang;W. Kang;X. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;M. Karl;A. Karle;T. Katori;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;M. Kellermann;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim-;K. Kin;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;M. Kleifges;S. R. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;P. Koundal;M. Kovacevich;M. Kowalski;C. Krauss;K. Krings;G. Kruckl;N. Kulacz;N. Kurahashi;C. L. Gualda;R. Lahmann;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;U. Latif;F. Lauber;J. Lazar;K. Leonard;A. Leszczy'nska;Y. Li;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;J. LoSecco;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;F. Lucarelli;A. Ludwig;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;Y. Lyu;W. Ma;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;P. Mallik;S. Mancina;S. Mandalia;I. Marics;S. Márka;Z. Márka;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;A. Medina;M. Meier;S. Meighen-Berger;J. Merz;Z. Meyers;J. Micallef;D. Mockler;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;R. Morse;M. Moulai;P. Muth;R. Naab;R. Nagai;J. Nam;U. Naumann;J. Necker;G. Neer;A. Nelles;L. Nguyen;H. Niederhausen;M. Nisa;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;E. Oberla;A. Pollmann;M. Oehler;A. Olivas;E. O’Sullivan;Y. Pan;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;L. Papp;N. Park;G. Parker;E. Paudel;P. Peiffer;C. P. D. L. Heros;T. Petersen;S. Philippen;D. Pieloth;S. Pieper;J. Pinfold;A. Pizzuto;I. Plaisier;M. Plum;Y. Popovych;A. Porcelli;M. Rodriguez;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;A. Raissi;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;A. Rehman;R. Reimann;M. Renschler;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;S. Reusch;W. Rhode;M. Richman;B. Riedel;M. Riegel;E. Roberts;S. Robertson;G. Roellinghoff;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. R. Cantu;I. Safa;S. S. Herrera-S.;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;P. Sandstrom;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;Maximilian Karl Scharf;M. Schaufel;H. Schieler;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;F. Schroder;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;M. Shaevitz;A. Sharma;S. Shefali;M. Silva;D. Smith;B. Smithers;R. Snihur;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;S. Soldner-Rembold;M. Song;D. Southall;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;R. Stein;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;N. Strotjohann;T. Sturwald;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;I. Taboada;A. Taketa;H. Tanaka;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;K. Tollefson;L. Tomankova;C. Tonnis;J. Torres;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;A. Trettin;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;J. P. Twagirayezu;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;J. Vandenbroucke;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;D. Vannerom;J. Santen;D. Veberič;S. Verpoest;A. Vieregg;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;T. Watson;C. Weaver;A. Weindl;L. Weinstock;M. Weiss;J. Weldert;C. Welling;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;D. Williams;S. Wissel;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;S. Wren;J. Wulff;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;Z. Zhang;S. Zierke;M. Zocklein
从无线电到γ射线波长的电磁辐射的观测提供了丰富的宇宙信息。然而，在PeV（10$^{15}$ eV）能量及以上，宇宙的大部分是光子无法穿透的。新的信使，即宇宙中微子，需要探索宇宙中最极端的环境，在那里黑洞，中子星和恒星爆炸将引力能转化为非热宇宙射线。IceCube对宇宙中微子的发现为我们打开了一扇了解宇宙的新窗口。在这篇白色论文中，我们概述了下一代仪器IceCube-Gen 2，它将加深我们对在最高能量下管理宇宙的过程和环境的理解。IceCube-Gen 2旨在：1）解析从TeV到EeV能量的高能中微子天空; 2）通过多信使观测研究宇宙粒子加速; 3）揭示宇宙中最高能量粒子的来源和传播; 4）用高能中微子探索基础物理。与IceCube相比，IceCube-Gen 2将使观测到的宇宙中微子的年速率增加10倍，并且能够探测比其前身暗五倍的源。此外，通过增加无线电阵列，IceCube-Gen 2将比IceCube扩展几个数量级的能量范围。建设将需要8年时间，耗资约3.5亿美元。我们的目标是到2033年使IceCube-Gen 2完全投入使用。IceCube-Gen 2将在塑造多信使天文学的新时代方面发挥重要作用，从根本上推进我们对高能宇宙的认识。这一具有挑战性的使命只有与未来几年将提供的电磁频谱和引力波探测器的新调查仪器相配合才能完全解决。
The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $\gamma$-ray wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However, at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrable to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the most extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, and stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays. The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on the universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes and environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2 is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger observations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy particles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and cost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033. IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the high-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only in concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years.