FALLS AND RISES - MEANINGS AND UNIVERSALS
FALLS AND RISES - MEANINGS AND UNIVERSALS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0022226700006782
复制
发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
CRUTTENDEN, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CRUTTENDEN, A
对语调的研究经历了几个阶段，在这些阶段中，将语调的意义归于一种特定的功能已经成为时尚。[1]传统上，这种功能是语法功能（参见，例如，最早的英国人在语调分析方面的尝试（例如巴特勒，1634年）和许多最近的英语语言教学教科书）。最近（即自第二次世界大战以来），说话者的态度往往被认为是最重要的（例如Pike，1945; Kingdon，1958）。在当今的时尚潮流中，话语功能往往被视为最重要的（如Brazil，1975，1978; Pilch，1977）.本文认为语调有其自身的一套意义，这些意义比语法、态度或语篇的意义具有更高的抽象性;只有在较低的层次上，这些较高抽象的意义才与这些功能中的一个或多个相关（只要这些功能在任何情况下都可以清楚地分开）。这样一个假设与儿童如何习得语调的问题有关（对于研究者来说，真实的问题一直是究竟习得了什么）。这对跨方言语调翻译（无论是跨社会还是跨地区边界）以及可能的语调共性问题也很重要。
The study of intonation has gone through phases in which it has been fashionable to ascribe the meaning of intonation to one particular sort of function.1 Most traditionally that function has been grammatical (see, e.g., the earliest British attempts at intonation analysis (e.g. Butler, 1634) and many recent textbooks on English language teaching). More recently (i.e. since the second world war), speakers' attitude has often been taken as most important (e.g. Pike, 1945; Kingdon, 1958). In the light of current fashion, the discourse function is often seen as most important (e.g. Brazil,, 1975, 1978; Pilch, 1977).I argue in this article that intonation operates with its own set of meanings which are of higher abstraction than those of grammar, attitude or discourse; and that it is only at a lower level that these meanings of higher abstraction become relevant to one or more of these functions (in so far as the functions can in any case be clearly separated). Such a hypothesis is relevant to the question of how intonation is acquired by children (where the real problem for investigators has always been WHAT exactly is being acquired). It is also important to questions of cross-dialectal intonational translation (whether across social or regional boundaries) and also to possible intonation universals.