Environmental and health risks of VOCs in the longest inner-city tunnel in Xi'an, Northwest China: Implication of impact from new energy vehicles.
Environmental and health risks of VOCs in the longest inner-city tunnel in Xi'an, Northwest China: Implication of impact from new energy vehicles.
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西安最长城内隧道VOCs环境与健康风险：新能源汽车影响的启示
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117057
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Junji Cao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hongmei Xu;Rong Feng;Zexuan Wang;Ningning Zhang;Renjian Zhang;Kailai He;Qiyuan Wang;Qian Zhang;Jian Sun;Bin Zhang;Zhenxing Shen;Steven Hang Sai Ho;Junji Cao
2019年夏季，在西安，中国，在隧道内采集了4个时段(Ⅰ：7：30~10：30，Ⅱ：11：00~14：00，Ⅲ：16：30~19：30，Ⅳ：20：00~23：00)的以车流量为主的挥发性有机物样品。在Ⅰ和Ⅲ时段(高峰时段，107.2±8.2 ppbv)测得的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)是非高峰时段Ⅱ和Ⅳ时段(58.6±13.8ppbv)的1.8倍，这与隧道内车辆数量的变化一致。乙烷和乙苯水平的大幅上升可能是由于压缩天然气汽车的排放和2019年西安市甲醇燃料出租车的快速发展。苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的混合比例(BTEX)对TVOCs的贡献率为9.4%~12.7%，Ⅰ和Ⅲ时段的贡献比Ⅱ和Ⅳ时段高近40%，表明BTEX水平受机动车尾气排放的影响较大。在这项研究中，机动车排放的指标，即乙烯、丙烯、甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和丙烷，贡献了一半以上的臭氧形成潜力。本研究中VOCs的非致癌风险均在国际安全标准之内，而致癌风险超标2.3-4.6倍，表明致癌风险比非致癌风险更严重。VOCs在高峰时段的非致癌风险是非高峰时段的2.2倍，而致癌风险是非高峰时段的1.4倍。值得注意的是，Ⅳ期间的致癌风险与Ⅲ期间相当，但夜间车辆数量和挥发性有机化合物混合比例最低，这可能是由于隧道内燃用甲醇M100的车辆数量和比例增加所致。因此，在评估化石燃料汽车排放时，也应认真考虑新能源汽车排放的VOCs。
Traffic source-dominated volatile organic compound (VOC) samples were collected during four time-intervals in a day (Ⅰ: 7:30-10:30, Ⅱ: 11:00-14:00, Ⅲ: 16:30-19:30, and Ⅳ: 20:00-23:00) in a tunnel in summer, 2019, in Xi'an, China. The total measured VOC (TVOC) in periods Ⅰ and Ⅲ (rush hours, 107.2±8.2parts per billion by volume [ppbv]) was 1.8 times that in periods Ⅱ and Ⅳ (non-rush hours, 58.6±13.8ppbv), consistent with the variation in vehicle numbers in the tunnel. The considerably elevated ethane and ethylbenzene levels could have been attributed to emissions from compressed natural gas vehicles and the rapid development of methanol-fueled taxis in Xi'an in 2019. The mixing ratios of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) contributed 9.4%-12.7% to TVOCs, and the contributions were nearly 40% higher in periods Ⅰ and Ⅲ than in Ⅱ and Ⅳ, indicating that BTEX levels were strongly affected by vehicle emissions. The indicators of motor vehicle emission, namely ethylene, propylene, toluene, m/p-xylenes, o-xylene, and propane, contributed to more than half of the ozone formation potential in this study. The noncarcinogenic risks of VOCs in this study were within the international safety standard, whereas the carcinogenic risks exceeded the standard by 2.3-4.6 times, suggesting that carcinogenic risks were more serious than noncarcinogenic risks. VOCs presented 2.2 and 1.4 times noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks during rush hours than during non-rush hours, respectively. Notably, the carcinogenic risk in period Ⅳ was comparable with that in period Ⅲ; however, the vehicle numbers and VOC mixing ratios were the lowest at night, which may have attributed to the increasing number and proportion of methanol M100-fueled vehicles in the tunnel. Therefore, VOCs emitted by new energy vehicles should also be seriously considered while evaluating fossil fuel vehicle emissions.
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中国道路车辆排放挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）来源概况
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Hong li Wang;Sheng ao Jing;Sheng rong Lou;Qing yao Hu;Li Li;Shi Kang Tao;Cheng Huang;Li ping Qiao;Chang hong Chen
通讯作者：
Chang hong Chen
多床吸附管收集挥发性有机物方法的优化与评价
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Ho Steven Sai Hang;Wang Liqin;Chow Judith C;Watson John G;Xue Yonggang;Huang Yu;Qu Linli;Li Bowei;Dai Wenting;Li Lijuan;Cao Junji
通讯作者：
Cao Junji
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Jun Li;Changming Gong;Bo Liu;Yan Su;H. Dou;Xunjun Liu
通讯作者：
Jun Li;Changming Gong;Bo Liu;Yan Su;H. Dou;Xunjun Liu
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.070
发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hongmei Xu;Hongmei Xu;Junjie Cao;Junjie Cao;J. Chow;J. Chow;Ru-Jin Huang;Zhenxing Shen;L. Ch
通讯作者：
Hongmei Xu;Hongmei Xu;Junjie Cao;Junjie Cao;J. Chow;J. Chow;Ru-Jin Huang;Zhenxing Shen;L. Ch
DOI：
10.1080/1073161x.1994.10467290
发表时间：
1994-07
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Carter
通讯作者：
W. Carter