Pain increases motivational drive to obtain reward, but does not affect associated hedonic responses: A behavioural study in healthy volunteers
Pain increases motivational drive to obtain reward, but does not affect associated hedonic responses: A behavioural study in healthy volunteers
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DOI：
10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00281.x
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Schweinhardt, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gandhi, W.;Becker, S.;Schweinhardt, P.
背景资料：疼痛和奖励被认为是相互作用的，一项啮齿动物研究提供了一些证据，表明急性受伤的动物更有动力获得食物奖励，而它们不会增加食物消耗，指向不变的奖励喜好。由于在人类中没有相关数据，我们进行了一个心理物理学实验，以测试实验诱导的强直性疼痛对（1）接受奖励的动机和（2）被奖励时的享乐反应的影响。在另一组中，参与者在玩任务时经历了无痛苦的温暖刺激。在这项任务中，参与者需要对目标线索做出足够快的反应，以赢得与特定试验相关的金钱（0.04美元，1美元或4美元）。对目标线索的反应时间作为动机的衡量标准。评级后，每个试验的参与者喜欢多少试验的结果作为一个措施的享乐responses.Results：疼痛增加的动机，以获得奖励时，激励是高的，指数反应时间减少（重复测量方差分析，互动疼痛激励; p = 0.009）。与动机驱动相反，奖励刺激的享乐评级不受疼痛的影响。结论：与现有的啮齿动物数据类似，我们的研究结果表明，疼痛引起的动机驱动增加与享乐反应缺乏增加的不匹配。这种不匹配的讨论可能反映了失败的应对尝试，这可能与慢性疼痛患者有关。
Background: Pain and reward have been suggested to interact, and some evidence is provided by a rodent study showing that acutely injured animals are more motivated to reach a food reward while they do not increase food consumption, pointing at unaltered reward liking. Since no data exist in humans, we conducted a psychophysical experiment to test the effects of experimentally induced tonic pain on (1) the motivation to receive reward and (2) hedonic responses when being rewarded.Methods: Forty healthy participants underwent two experimental sessions: in one, painful heat stimulation was continuously applied while participants played a monetary reward task; in the other, participants experienced non-painful warm stimulation while playing the task. In the task, participants needed to react quickly enough to a target cue to win the money associated with the particular trial ($0.04, $1 or $4). Reaction time to the target cue served as measure of motivation. Ratings after each trial on how much the participant liked the trial's outcome served as a measure of hedonic responses.Results: Pain increased the motivation to obtain reward when the incentive was high, indexed by decreased reaction times (repeated-measures analysis of variance, interaction pain incentive; p = 0.009). In contrast to motivational drive, hedonic ratings of the rewarding stimuli were not influenced by pain.Conclusion: Similar to existing rodent data, our results suggest a pain-induced mismatch of increased motivational drive with a lack of increased hedonic responses. This mismatch is discussed as perhaps reflecting a failed coping attempt, which is potentially relevant for chronic pain patients.