The role of airborne particles in the epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in commercial poultry production units
The role of airborne particles in the epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in commercial poultry production units
复制标题
商业家禽生产单位空气中颗粒物在分支 2.3.4.4b H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒流行病学中的作用
DOI：
10.1101/2023.03.16.532935
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James J
自 2021 年 10 月以来，欧洲经历了由分支 2.3.4.4b H5N1 高致病性 AIV (HPAIV) 引起的最大规模禽流感病毒 (AIV) 流行，仅在英国就发现了超过 284 个家禽感染场所 (IP) 和 2480 只死亡的 H5N1 阳性野生鸟类。许多IP呈现为地理集群，引发了关于空气中颗粒在场所之间横向传播的问题。已观察到某些 AIV 毒株可通过空气传播短距离。然而，这种菌株通过空气传播的风险仍有待阐明。我们对 2022/23 年动物疫病期间确认存在分支 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV 的 IP 进行了广泛采样，每个样本代表一种主要家禽物种（鸭、火鸡和鸡）。在房屋内外收集了一系列环境样本，包括沉积的灰尘、羽毛和其他潜在污染物。在从室内和室外收集的空气样本中检测到病毒 RNA (vRNA) 和传染性病毒，但在靠近受感染房屋的地方，仅在室外更远的距离（≤10 m）处检测到 vRNA。在受影响房屋外收集的一些灰尘样本含有传染性病毒，而距离最远 80 m 的受影响房屋的羽毛中仅含有 vRNA。总之，这些数据表明，携带传染性 HPAIV 的空气颗粒可以在空气中短距离（<10 m）转移，而含有 vRNA 的宏观颗粒可能会传播更远（≤80 m）。因此，分支 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV 在场所之间通过空气传播的可能性被认为较低。其他因素，包括与野生鸟类的间接接触和生物安全的效率，在疾病入侵中表现出更大的重要性。
Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV) epizootic, caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 284 poultry infected premises (IPs) and 2480 dead H5N1-positive wild birds detected in Great Britain alone. Many IPs have presented as geographical clusters, raising questions about the lateral spread between premises by airborne particles. Airborne transmission over short distances has been observed for some AIV strains. However, the risk of airborne spread of this strain remains to be elucidated. We conducted extensive sampling from IPs where clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIVs were confirmed during the 2022/23 epizootic, each representing a major poultry species (ducks, turkeys, and chickens). A range of environmental samples were collected inside and outside houses, including deposited dust, feathers, and other potential fomites. Viral RNA (vRNA) and infectious viruses were detected in air samples collected from inside and outside but in close proximity to infected houses, with vRNA alone being detected at greater distances (≤10 m) outside. Some dust samples collected outside of the affected houses contained infectious viruses, while feathers from the affected houses, located up to 80 m away, only contained vRNA. Together, these data suggest that airborne particles harboring infectious HPAIV can be translocated short distances (<10 m) through the air, while macroscopic particles containing vRNA might travel further (≤80 m). Therefore, the potential for airborne transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV between premises is considered low. Other factors, including indirect contact with wild birds and the efficiency of biosecurity, represent greater importance in disease incursion.