Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) - is there potential for genetic interventions in the Triticeae?
Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) - is there potential for genetic interventions in the Triticeae?
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DOI：
10.1270/jsbbs.59.529
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发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
G. Subbarao;M. Kishii;K. Nakahara;T. Ishikawa;T. Ban;H. Tsujimoto;Timothy S. George;Wade L. Berry;C. Hash;O. Ito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Subbarao;M. Kishii;K. Nakahara;T. Ishikawa;T. Ban;H. Tsujimoto;Timothy S. George;Wade L. Berry;C. Hash;O. Ito
植物从其根部释放化学物质的天然能力对硝化细菌活性和土壤硝化作用具有抑制作用，被称为“生物硝化抑制”（BNI）。虽然硝化作用是氮循环中的关键过程之一，但农业系统中无限制的快速硝化作用会导致植物-土壤系统中氮的大量损失。这种氮的损失是由于硝酸盐从生根区浸出和氮的气态氧化物排放到大气中，在大气中造成严重的污染问题。使用一种新开发的测定系统，量化植物根的抑制活性（即BNI能力），它已被证明，BNI能力是广泛的作物和牧草。一种热带牧草，湿生臂形草已被用作一个模型系统，以表征BNI功能，它表明，BNI可以提供足够的抑制活性，以抑制土壤硝化和氧化亚氮的排放。鉴于广泛的遗传多样性发现小麦族，和目前可用的遗传工具，移动性状/基因的成员，有很大的潜力，引入/提高BNI能力的经济上重要的成员的小麦族（即小麦，大麦和黑麦）。本文概述了目前的知识现状，对小麦族的BNI能力的遗传改良的潜力。这些方法对于下一代作物和生产系统的开发至关重要，在下一代作物和生产系统中，硝化作用受到生物抑制/调节，以减少氮泄漏并保护环境免受氮污染。
The natural ability of plants to release chemical substances from their roots that have a suppressing effect on nitrifier activity and soil nitrification, is termed ‘biological nitrification inhibition’ (BNI). Though nitrification is one of the critical processes in the nitrogen cycle, unrestricted and rapid nitrification in agricultural systems can result in major losses of nitrogen from the plant-soil system. This nitrogen loss is due to the leaching of nitrate out of the rooting zone and emission of gaseous oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere, where it causes serious pollution problems. Using a newly developed assay system that quantifies the inhibitory activity of plant roots (i.e. BNI capacity), it has been shown that BNI capacity is widespread among crops and pastures. A tropical pasture grass, Brachiaria humidicola has been used as a model system to characterize BNI function, where it was shown that BNIs can provide sufficient inhibitory activity to suppress soil nitrification and nitrous oxide emissions. Given the wide-range of genetic diversity found among the Triticeae, and the current availability of genetic tools for moving traits/genes across members, there is great potential for introducing/improving the BNI capacity of economically important members of the Triticeae (i.e. wheat, barley and rye). This review outlines the current status of knowledge regarding the potential for genetic improvement in the BNI capacity of the Triticeae. Such approaches are critical to the development of the next-generation of crops and production systems where nitrification is biologically suppressed/regulated to reduce nitrogen leakage and protect the environment from nitrogen pollution.