Galactic outflow rates in the EAGLE simulations

Galactic outflow rates in the EAGLE simulations
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EAGLE 模拟中的银河流出率

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/staa938
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
R. Crain
R. Crain
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
P. Mitchell;J. Schaye;R. Bower;R. Crain

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我们从宇宙模拟的鹰套件中给出了星系流出率的测量结果。我们发现,在恒星反馈占主导地位的低质量状态下,气体从中心星系的星际介质(ISM)中被移除,其无因次质量加载因子近似地以圆速度缩放为$V_{\mathrm{c}}^{-3/2}$。来自活动星系核的反馈导致晕质量的质量负荷上升${\gt}10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$。我们发现,通过晕维里半径流出的气体比从星系的ISM中流出的气体要多,特别是在低红移的地方,这意味着在环星系介质中有大量的质量负荷。在给定的光晕质量/红移时,流出速度的范围很广,并且随着红移和光晕质量的增加,流出速度平均正增加,直至$M_{200} \sim 10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$。在环星系尺度上,喷流呈现双峰流动模式,与星系小轴对齐。我们提出了一些类似的比较,从其他最近的宇宙流体动力学模拟流出率,并表明比较星系风的传播作为半径的函数揭示了不同模型之间的实质性差异。相对于其他一些模拟,eagle倾向于恒星反馈的一种场景,即通过从ISM中移除少量气体来实现与星系恒星质量函数的一致,但随后星系风会传播并携带周围气体到更大的半径。
We present measurements of galactic outflow rates from the eagle suite of cosmological simulations. We find that gas is removed from the interstellar medium (ISM) of central galaxies with a dimensionless mass loading factor that scales approximately with circular velocity as $V_{\mathrm{c}}^{-3/2}$ in the low-mass regime where stellar feedback dominates. Feedback from active galactic nuclei causes an upturn in the mass loading for halo masses ${\gt}10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. We find that more gas outflows through the halo virial radius than is removed from the ISM of galaxies, particularly at low redshifts, implying substantial mass loading within the circumgalactic medium. Outflow velocities span a wide range at a given halo mass/redshift, and on average increase positively with redshift and halo mass up to $M_{200} \sim 10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. Outflows exhibit a bimodal flow pattern on circumgalactic scales, aligned with the galactic minor axis. We present a number of like-for-like comparisons to outflow rates from other recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, and show that comparing the propagation of galactic winds as a function of radius reveals substantial discrepancies between different models. Relative to some other simulations, eagle favours a scenario for stellar feedback where agreement with the galaxy stellar mass function is achieved by removing smaller amounts of gas from the ISM, but with galactic winds that then propagate and entrain ambient gas out to larger radii.
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