Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years
Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.13930
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发表时间：
2020-07-16
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Huntley, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allen, Judy R. M.;Forrest, Matthew;Huntley, Brian
深入了解全球生物群落对气候和其他环境变化的响应，对于解决有关这些变化过去和未来影响的关键问题至关重要。通过模拟140 ka至今的全球生物群系格局，我们旨在解决这段时间内生物群系变化的重要问题。全球位置。分类单元Spermatophyta。方法利用LPJ-GUESS全球植被动态模型，利用冰芯大气CO(2)浓度、地球倾角、工业化前和88个HadCM3古气候实验的输出数据进行了89次模拟。在1至140 ka之间对81个时间片进行了实验，还对海因里希事件H0-H6对应的时间片进行了7个“冲洗”实验，使用1 sv的北大西洋淡水通量。采用基于规则的方法，基于LPJ-GUESS植物功能类型的碳质量和叶面积指数，推断出每个网格细胞的生物群系。绘制生物群系图，估算各生物群系的范围、总植被生物量和全球总植被生物量。结果植被覆盖的各大洲生物群系范围和位置均发生了较大变化。虽然最大的幅度变化发生在欧亚大陆，但重要的变化发生在热带纬度和南半球。大多数生物群落的全球范围在数千年（轨道）时间尺度上发生变化，尽管一些（如热带雨林）主要响应于c. 100 kyr的冰期-间冰期旋回，而另一些（如温带阔叶常绿林）主要响应于c. 20 kyr的岁差旋回。许多物种还对匀速气候（“管状”）和匀速气候之间的千年对比做出了响应，其中一些（如热带常绿森林）对匀速气候的响应强于对多千年变化的响应。主要结论没有两个时间片具有完全相同的生物群系模式。即使是等效的全新世和末次间冰期时间片，以及末次冰期极大期和次冰期极大期也表现出重要的差异。自140 ka以来，只有一小部分全球陆地面积没有经历过生物群落变化；许多地方经历了多重生物群落变化。这些模拟实验几乎没有提供长期生物群落稳定性的证据。
Aim Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval. Location Global. Taxon Spermatophyta. Methods Using the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice-core atmospheric CO(2)concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre-industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 and 140 ka, seven 'hosing' experiments also being run, using a 1-Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0-H6. Using a rule-based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ-GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated. Results Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi-millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the c. 100-kyr glacial-interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad-leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the c. 20-kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial ('hosing') and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi-millennial changes. Main conclusions No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long-term biome stability.