What do the terms resistance, tolerance, and resilience mean in the case of Ostrea edulis infected by the haplosporidian parasite Bonamia ostreae
What do the terms resistance, tolerance, and resilience mean in the case of Ostrea edulis infected by the haplosporidian parasite Bonamia ostreae
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jip.2021.107579
复制
发表时间：
2021-04-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hauton, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holbrook, Zoe;Bean, Tim P.;Hauton, Chris
欧洲扁牡蛎Ostrea edulis的减少，对欧洲沿海经济体来说是一种损失，既影响到粮食安全，也影响到欧洲理事会《海洋战略框架指令》（2008/56/EC）规定的海洋环境的良好环境状况。恢复O。edulis栖息地正在欧洲各地广泛讨论，解决诸如单孢子虫寄生虫Bonamia ostrae的破坏性影响等关键挑战。恢复实践者已经提出了使用抗性，耐受性或弹性牡蛎作为恢复亲鱼，但这些表面上熟悉的术语的定义和含义尚未被所有利益相关者定义和同意。这篇评论文章考虑了区分Bonamia抵抗力，宽容和弹性的挑战;阻碍采用强大定义的挑战。我们认为，抗病性是降低对寄生虫感染的敏感性，或主动抑制寄生虫的繁殖和增殖能力。疾病耐受性是保持适应性和中和寄生虫毒性的能力。疾病复原力是从疾病中恢复的能力，在人口水平上，耐受性可以解释为复原力。我们承认，需要进一步的工作来解决应用这些定义的实际不确定性，并主张专家合作以达成共识。如果现在不采取行动，可能会导致这种疾病今后扩散到新的地点和人群，因为强有力的定义是支持海洋管理的监管机制的重要组成部分。
The decline of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis represents a loss to European coastal economies both in terms of food security and by affecting the Good Environmental Status of the marine environment as set out by the European Council's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). Restoration of O. edulis habitat is being widely discussed across Europe, addressing key challenges such as the devastating impact of the haplosporidian parasite Bonamia ostreae. The use of resistant, tolerant, or resilient oysters as restoration broodstock has been proposed by restoration practitioners, but the definitions and implications of these superficially familiar terms have yet to be defined and agreed by all stakeholders. This opinion piece considers the challenges of differentiating Bonamia resistance, tolerance, and resilience; challenges which impede the adoption of robust definitions. We argue that, disease-resistance is reduced susceptibility to infection by the parasite, or active suppression of the parasites ability to multiply and proliferate. Disease-tolerance is the retention of fitness and an ability to neutralise the virulence of the parasite. Disease-resilience is the ability to recover from illness and, at population level, tolerance could be interpreted as resilience. We concede that further work is required to resolve practical uncertainty in applying these definitions, and argue for a collaboration of experts to achieve consensus. Failure to act now might result in the future dispersal of this disease into new locations and populations, because robust definitions are important components of regulatory mechanisms that underpin marine management.