Manipulation of Xist Imprinting in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos
Manipulation of Xist Imprinting in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos
复制标题
小鼠植入前胚胎中 Xist 印记的操作
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-8766-5_4
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Akutsu Hidenori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fukuda Atsushi;Umezawa Akihiro;Akutsu Hidenori
X染色体失活（XCI）是在小鼠植入前胚胎中建立的。在XCI建立之前，长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）Xists的表达是必需的，Xists在小鼠植入前胚胎中的表达是印迹的，且主要表达于父系。由于印记的方式，母亲的西斯提斯总是保持沉默。然而，印记抑制母性的本质是可变的。例如，由两个母体基因组组成的孤雌生殖胚胎在植入前阶段表现出母体Xistderepression。维持Xistimprinting以抑制母体Xist依赖于染色质凝聚状态和Rnf12的剂量，Rnf12是一种必需的Xist激活剂。因此，染色质状态和Rnf12表达水平的改变导致母源性Xist去阻遏。在本章中，我们描述了通过各种方法，如mRNA注射，小分子处理和核移植来解抑制maternalXist的方法。
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is established in preimplantation embryos in mice. Prior to the establishment of XCI, expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)Xistis essential.Xistexpression in mouse preimplantation embryos is imprinted, and paternalXistis predominantly expressed. Due to the manner of imprinting, maternalXistis always silenced. However, the nature of imprinting to repress maternalXistis variable. For example, parthenogenetic embryos that are composed of two maternal genomes exhibit maternalXistderepression during the preimplantation phases. Maintenance ofXistimprinting to repress maternalXistdepends on the chromatin condensation states and the dosage of Rnf12, an essentialXistactivator. Therefore, alterations of chromatin states and Rnf12 expression levels lead to maternalXistderepression. In this chapter, we describe the method for derepressing maternalXistby various approaches, such as mRNA injection, small molecule treatment, and nuclear transfer.