Retreat of a giant cataract in a long-lived (3.7-2.6 Ga) martian outflow channel
Retreat of a giant cataract in a long-lived (3.7-2.6 Ga) martian outflow channel
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长寿命（3.7-2.6 Ga）火星流出通道中巨大白内障的退缩
作者：
Warner N
我们描述了通往火星阿瑞斯山谷的约 600 米深的支流流出通道的演化。高分辨率地形、图像分析和火山口统计表明，这个支流峡谷是由约 1 年的多次洪水事件期间约 300 米高的大型瀑布向上游迁移而形成的。火星历史（3.7–2.6 Ga）。这些洪水由 Hydapsis Chaos 发出，与阿瑞斯山谷的洪水在相似的时间和发生的时间范围内相似，这表明对洪水引发和混沌形成的潜在区域控制。此外，我们提供的证据表明，白内障退缩和支流峡谷内的重大切口仅在阿瑞斯山谷内发生一系列下切事件后才发生。从阿瑞斯山谷底部获取的地形数据和火山口统计数据表明，基准面下降约 300 m，这与亚马逊早期（约 2.6 Ga）洪水事件和支流峡谷内白内障的形成同时发生。结果既证实了火星流出通道内长期、多次洪水事件的假设，又证明了基准面变化对其切口的影响。
We describe the evolution of an ∼600-m-deep tributary outflow channel to Ares Vallis, Mars. High-resolution topography, image analysis, and crater statistics indicate that this tributary canyon developed by the upstream migration of a large, ∼300-m-tall cataract during multiple flood events that span ∼1 b.y. of Mars history (3.7–2.6 Ga). Issuing from Hydapsis Chaos, these floods were initiated at a similar time and occurred over a similar time range to flooding in Ares Vallis, suggesting a potential regional control on flood initiation and chaos formation. In addition, we provide evidence that cataract retreat and significant incision within the tributary canyon occurred only after a series of downcutting events within Ares Vallis. Topography data and crater statistics taken from the floor of Ares Vallis indicate an ∼300 m base-level drop that coincides temporally with an Early Amazonian (ca. 2.6 Ga) flood event and cataract formation within the tributary canyon. The results both confirm the hypothesis of long-term, multiple flood events within martian outflow channels and demonstrate the influence of base-level change on their incision.