Progress of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neural and retinal diseases.
Progress of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neural and retinal diseases.
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DOI：
10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.111
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发表时间：
2014-04-26
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cheung, Herman S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, Tsz Kin;Fortino, Veronica R;Cheung, Herman S
复杂的电路和有限的再生能力使中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病成为最具挑战性和最难进行功能修复的疾病。由于疾病机制难以捉摸，传统的外科和医学干预只是减缓了神经退行性疾病的进展。然而，在许多患者中，神经元的数量仍然减少。最近，干细胞治疗被认为是一种可行的选择。间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种被广泛研究的人类成体干细胞群，发现已有20多年的历史。骨髓间充质干细胞广泛存在于人体各处，可从骨髓、血液、脂肪和牙齿组织中方便地获取。MSCs具有高度的增殖和分化能力，为细胞替代治疗提供了取之不尽的神经元和胶质细胞来源。此外，MSCs在没有任何遗传修饰或重新编程的情况下也显示出神经保护作用。此外，MSCs特殊的免疫调节特性使自体和异体移植成为可能。这些特性提高了MSCs在处理中枢神经系统疾病的病理时的临床适用性。在这里，我们总结了MSC实验研究的最新进展，以及人类对神经和视网膜疾病的临床试验。这篇综述文章将集中在多发性硬化、脊髓损伤、自闭症、青光眼、视网膜色素变性和老年性黄斑变性。
Complex circuitry and limited regenerative power make central nervous system (CNS) disorders the most challenging and difficult for functional repair. With elusive disease mechanisms, traditional surgical and medical interventions merely slow down the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases. However, the number of neurons still diminishes in many patients. Recently, stem cell therapy has been proposed as a viable option. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a widely-studied human adult stem cell population, have been discovered for more than 20 years. MSCs have been found all over the body and can be conveniently obtained from different accessible tissues: bone marrow, blood, and adipose and dental tissue. MSCs have high proliferative and differentiation abilities, providing an inexhaustible source of neurons and glia for cell replacement therapy. Moreover, MSCs also show neuroprotective effects without any genetic modification or reprogramming. In addition, the extraordinary immunomodulatory properties of MSCs enable autologous and heterologous transplantation. These qualities heighten the clinical applicability of MSCs when dealing with the pathologies of CNS disorders. Here, we summarize the latest progress of MSC experimental research as well as human clinical trials for neural and retinal diseases. This review article will focus on multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, autism, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.