Toward a Dynamic Theory of Action at the Micro Level of Genocide
Toward a Dynamic Theory of Action at the Micro Level of Genocide
复制标题
走向种族灭绝微观层面的动态行动理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Aliza Luft
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aliza Luft
这篇文章是关于种族灭绝中的行为变异。研究经常表明，暴力行为可以用种族类别来解释，或者被视为种族类别的同义词。出于研究目的，这些文献还倾向于将行为者预先归类为实施者、受害者或旁观者。然而，有证据表明，在整个种族灭绝过程中，个人跨越了从杀戮到停止和拯救的边界，这表明行为和类别之间的关系往往是不断变化的。因此，我引入了行为越界的概念，以审查1994年卢旺达胡图族人何时以及如何符合他们预期的杀戮行为，以及他们何时和如何没有这样做。我分析了31名胡图族人的访谈，揭示了在种族灭绝期间，交易、关系、社会心理和认知机制影响了个人的行为。其结果是一个动态的行动理论，它解释了参与，而不是由于关于行为和范畴一致性的假设而使个人经验同质化。
This article is about behavioral variation in genocide. Research frequently suggests that violent behaviors can be explained by or treated as synonymous with ethnic categories. This literature also tends to pre-group actors as perpetrators, victims, or bystanders for research purposes. However, evidence that individuals cross boundaries from killing to desistance and saving throughout genocide indicates that the relationship between behaviors and categories is often in flux. I thus introduce the concept of behavioral boundary crossing to examine when and how Hutu in 1994 Rwanda aligned with the killing behaviors expected of them and when and how they did not. I analyze interviews with 31 Hutu, revealing that transactional, relational, social-psychological, and cognitive mechanisms informed individuals’ behaviors during the genocide. The result is a dynamic theory of action that explains participation without homogenizing individual experience due to presumptions about behavioral and categorical alignment.