Do young children use objects as symbols
Do young children use objects as symbols
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小孩子会使用物体作为符号吗
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Rochat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Tomasello;T. Striano;P. Rochat
许多幼儿的象征性游戏都是由成人的象征性动作模型和成人的口头脚本构成的，儿童可能会模仿这些动作模型。目前的研究试图评估18-35个月大的儿童的符号技能，在没有这样的脚手架。在一项关于符号理解的研究中，孩子们被测试了他们理解成年人使用复制品或相关手势来传达她想要的数组中的哪个对象的能力。在一项关于符号产生的研究中，孩子们被给予了一些能够提供符号操作的物体，但没有成人的符号动作模型或口头脚本。这两项研究的结果一致表明，2岁以下的儿童具有手势的符号技能，但不具有物体的符号技能。研究还发现，虽然26个月大的孩子能够使用一个物体作为另一个物体的符号，但当符号有另一种传统用途时（例如用作帽子的水杯），他们就有困难了。研究结果进行了讨论DeLoache的双重表示模型，并提出了修改该模型。
Much of young children's symbolic play is heavily scaffolded by adult symbolic action models, which children may imitate, and by adult verbal scripts. The current studies attempted to evaluate 18-35-month-old children's symbolic skills in the absence of such scaffolding. In a study of symbol comprehension, children were tested for their ability to comprehend an adult's use of either a replica object or an associated gesture to communicate which object in an array she wanted. In a study of symbol production, children were given some objects that afforded symbolic manipulations, but without adult symbolic action models or verbal scripts. The results of the two studies converged to suggest that children below 2 years of age have symbolic skills with gestures, but not with objects. It was also found that while children at 26 months were able to use an object as a symbol for another object, they had difficulties when the symbol had another conventional use (e.g. a drinking cup used as a hat). The findings are discussed in terms of DeLoache's dual representation model, and a modification of that model is proposed.