Parasitoids, Patches, and Phenology: Their Possible Role in the Local Extinction of a Cynipid Gall Wasp Population
Parasitoids, Patches, and Phenology: Their Possible Role in the Local Extinction of a Cynipid Gall Wasp Population
复制标题
寄生蜂、斑块和物候：它们在犬瘿黄蜂种群局部灭绝中的可能作用
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Cornell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Washburn;H. Cornell
1976 ~ 1978年，在新泽西松林的奥斯韦戈湖附近的一个火烧后的地点，对栗瘿蜂Xanthoteras pollutenia（Bassett）及其伴生小蜂和寄生蜂群落进行了研究。X. polynipid和其他两个cynipid物种选择性地攻击新的吸盘从更大的火灾受损的树木。小蜂和寄生蜂攻击是3年来种群的主要死亡因素。在每一个连续的一年中，较高的频率的主机人口被杀死的寄生蜂的攻击，到1978年只有76主机虫瘿发生在网站上。在虫瘿爆发的第一年，刺突刺蝇是次要的寄生蜂成分，但在随后的季节中占主导地位。他们的优势归因于两个主要因素。首先，它们比其他寄生蜂更早地攻击虫瘿，并且那些被攻击的虫瘿保持较小的尺寸，并且不被后来到达的小孢子虫选择产卵。其次，没有出现在春季和寄生其他瘿种小蜂。这些寄生虫留在凋落叶中，并重新侵染X的下一代无性繁殖。七月中旬出现在树上的花粉。寄生蜂群落的稳定性不强，组成也不一致。寄生蜂对寄主种群的明显过度利用可能是其选择优势，因为寄主植物的物候变化最终消除了X。从火灾现场采集的花粉
The cynipid gall wasp Xanthoteras politum (Bassett) and its associated chalcid and inquiline parasitoid community were studied from 1976 to 1978 at a postfire site near Lake Oswego in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. X. politum and two other cynipid species selectively attacked new sucker shoots growing from larger fire-damaged trees. Chalcid and inquiline parasitoid attack was the major mortality factor in the population in all 3 yr. In each successive year a higher frequency of the host population was killed by parasitoid attack, and by 1978 only 76 host galls occurred at the site. Inquiline cynipids were minor parasitoid elements the 1st yr of the gall outbreak, but dominated the parasitoid guild in subsequent seasons. Their dominance is attributed to two major factors. First, they attack galls earlier than other parasitoids, and those galls attacked remained at a smaller size and were not chosen for oviposition by later arriving chalcids. Secondly, inquilines did not emerge in spring and infest other gall species as did the chalcid parasitoids. These inquilines remained in the leaf litter and reinfested the next asexual generation of X. politum which appeared on trees in mid- July. The parasitoid community displayed neither strong stability nor consistent composition. The apparent overexploitation of the host population by parasitoids may be to their selective advantage as phenological changes in host plants eventually eliminate X. politum from postfire sites anyway.