Technological infrastructure and international competitiveness
Technological infrastructure and international competitiveness
复制标题
技术基础设施和国际竞争力
DOI：
10.1093/icc/dth022
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
C. Freeman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Freeman
该论文可能是第一篇使用“国家创新体系”概念的书面论文，它分析了各国技术基础设施的差异以及这些差异如何反映在国际竞争力中。它对国际贸易理论（20 世纪 80 年代）的新发展进行了批判性回顾，并用最新的实证结果来面对它们。它表明竞争力不能用工资率-价格-货币率来解释。技术领先带来的是绝对优势而非比较优势，技术领先将体现出支持与技术耦合、创造、聚集、理解和应对的制度。通过引用弗里德里希·李斯特及其对亚当·斯密和自由放任主义的批评，该分析植根于历史背景。特别强调李斯特的心理资本概念。最后，通过德国和日本的追赶和领先来说明分析论证。该文件的结论是，国际贸易的不平衡将持续存在，对于落后经济体来说，自由贸易原则可能会受到过度限制。另一个结论是，对技术基础设施和智力资本的公共投资对于经济成功发展至关重要。指出需要将教育、科学、贸易和产业政策结合起来，以构建竞争力。版权所有 2004，牛津大学出版社。
The paper is probably the first written paper using the concept of 'the national innovation system' and it analyses how technological infrastructure differs between countries and how such differences are reflected in international competitiveness. It makes a critical review of new (in the 1980s) developments in the theory of international trade and confronts them with recent empirical results. It shows how competitiveness cannot be explained by wage rates-prices-currency rates. Technological leadership gives absolute rather than comparative advantage and technological leadership will reflect institutions supporting coupling, creating, clustering comprehending and coping in connection with technology. The analysis is rooted in historical context through references to Friedrich List and his criticism of Adam Smith and laissez-faire. Special emphasis is put on List's concept of mental capital. Finally, the analytical arguments are illustrated by the catching-up and forging ahead of first Germany and later Japan. The paper concludes that disequilibria in international trade will be persistent and that for laggard economy the free trade doctrine may be unduly restrictive. Another conclusion is that public investment in technological infrastructure and intellectual capital is crucial for successful economic development. It is pointed out that there is a need to couple education, science, trade and industry policy in order to build competitiveness. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.