Do neural responses to rejection depend on attachment style? An fMRI study
Do neural responses to rejection depend on attachment style? An fMRI study
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsq107
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Eisenberger, Naomi I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeWall, C. Nathan;Masten, Carrie L.;Eisenberger, Naomi I.
社会纽带满足了人类的基本归属需求。被拒绝阻碍了这种基本需求，使与他人的关系处于危险之中。依恋理论认为，人们通过不同的方式来满足归属感。焦虑型依恋与渴望接受和对可能被拒绝的信号保持警惕有关，而回避型依恋则与对亲密的不适和使用回避策略来调节一个人的关系有关。考虑到人们满足归属感需要的不同方式（在同一个体中可以同时发生），对社会拒绝的反应可能会根据依恋焦虑和回避的个体差异而有所不同。为了验证这一假设，我们使用神经成像技术来研究人们在模拟社会排斥体验期间表现出的两个依恋维度（焦虑和回避）中的每一个维度的程度如何与他们的神经活动独特地相关。依恋与背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）和前扣带皮层的活动增强有关，这些区域以前与拒绝相关的痛苦有关。相反，回避型依恋与这些区域的活动较少有关。研究结果进行了讨论的策略，不同的依恋风格的个人可能会使用，以促进维护社会债券。
Social bonds fulfill the basic human need to belong. Being rejected thwarts this basic need, putting bonds with others at risk. Attachment theory suggests that people satisfy their need to belong through different means. Whereas anxious attachment is associated with craving acceptance and showing vigilance to cues that signal possible rejection, avoidant attachment is associated with discomfort with closeness and using avoidant strategies to regulate one's relationships. Given these different styles by which people satisfy their need to belong (that can operate simultaneously within the same individual), responses to social rejection may differ according to these individual differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance. To test this hypothesis, we used neuroimaging techniques to examine how the degree to which people display each of the two attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) uniquely correlated with their neural activity during a simulated experience of social exclusion. Anxious attachment related to heightened activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula, regions previously associated with rejection-related distress. In contrast, avoidant attachment related to less activity in these regions. Findings are discussed in terms of the strategies that individuals with varying attachment styles might use to promote maintenance of social bonds.