Tubulin isotype regulation maintains asymmetric requirement for α-tubulin over β-tubulin.

Tubulin isotype regulation maintains asymmetric requirement for α-tubulin over β-tubulin.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202202102
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发表时间:
2023-03-06
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
其他
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Wethekam和摩尔研究了细胞如何平衡α-和β-微管蛋白的水平以提供αβ-异源二聚体。他们发现细胞产生的α-微管蛋白水平高于β-微管蛋白,并需要这种过量来限制β-微管蛋白的积累。β-微管蛋白积聚导致微管损失和死端微管蛋白组装体的形成。细胞如何调节α-和β-微管蛋白以满足对αβ-异源二聚体的需求并避免单体失衡的后果尚不清楚。我们研究了基因拷贝数的作用,以及α-或β-微管蛋白基因的表达变化如何影响酿酒酵母中微管蛋白的蛋白稳定和微管功能。我们发现α-微管蛋白基因拷贝数对于维持相对于β-微管蛋白过量的α-微管蛋白蛋白蛋白是重要的。过量的α-微管蛋白阻止超化学计量的β-微管蛋白的积累,这导致微管的损失,微管蛋白的非微管组装体的形成,并破坏细胞增殖。相比之下,亚化学计量的β-微管蛋白或α-微管蛋白的过表达具有较小的影响。我们提供的证据表明,当α-微管蛋白同种型表达增加时,酵母细胞平衡α-微管蛋白蛋白的蛋白浓度。我们提出了α-和β-微管蛋白之间的不对称关系,其中α-微管蛋白保持过量以提供αβ-异二聚体并限制β-微管蛋白单体的积累。
Wethekam and Moore investigate how cells balance levels of α- and β-tubulin to supply αβ-heterodimers. They found that cells produce higher levels of α-tubulin than β-tubulin and require this excess to limit β-tubulin accumulation. β-tubulin accumulation causes microtubule loss and formation of dead-end tubulin assemblies. How cells regulate α- and β-tubulin to meet the demand for αβ-heterodimers and avoid consequences of monomer imbalance is not understood. We investigate the role of gene copy number and how shifting expression of α- or β-tubulin genes impacts tubulin proteostasis and microtubule function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that α-tubulin gene copy number is important for maintaining excess α-tubulin protein compared to β-tubulin protein. Excess α-tubulin prevents accumulation of super-stoichiometric β-tubulin, which leads to loss of microtubules, formation of non-microtubule assemblies of tubulin, and disrupts cell proliferation. In contrast, sub-stoichiometric β-tubulin or overexpression of α-tubulin has minor effects. We provide evidence that yeast cells equilibrate α-tubulin protein concentration when α-tubulin isotype expression is increased. We propose an asymmetric relationship between α- and β-tubulins, in which α-tubulins are maintained in excess to supply αβ-heterodimers and limit the accumulation of β-tubulin monomers.
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