Diffusion controls the ventilation of a Pacific Shadow Zone above abyssal overturning.

Diffusion controls the ventilation of a Pacific Shadow Zone above abyssal overturning.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-24648-x
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发表时间:
2021-07-16
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
de Lavergne C
de Lavergne C
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holzer M;DeVries T;de Lavergne C

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北太平洋中深水域富含营养物质和几个世纪以来积累的呼吸碳。这些水域与表层海洋交换的速率和路径是不确定的,太平洋颠覆的范式各不相同:一种设想底层水上升到 1.5 公里深度;另一种设想是海底海水上升到 1.5 公里深度;另一种设想是海底海水上升到 1.5 公里深。另一个区域在太平洋中深阴影区(PSZ)下方翻转,不受平均平流的影响。这里的全球反演模型揭示了一个 PSZ,其平均年龄超过 1400 年,并且下方发生翻转。 PSZ 主要由从下方和南部扩散的南极和北大西洋通风水域供给。 PSZ 水域的一半在南大洋重新浮出水面,四分之一在亚北极太平洋。北太平洋深海尽管发生了强烈的翻转,但由于扩散到上覆的PSZ,平均重新浮出水面的时间也超过了1400年。这些结果意味着扩散输送——与翻转输送不同——是对太平洋养分和碳储存的主要控制。北太平洋深处是全球海洋环流之路的终点,但人们对其环流模式和通风知之甚少。作者在此表明,沿着和跨越密度层的扩散传输在将 1,400 年前的水返回到地表方面发挥着主导作用。
Mid-depth North Pacific waters are rich in nutrients and respired carbon accumulated over centuries. The rates and pathways with which these waters exchange with the surface ocean are uncertain, with divergent paradigms of the Pacific overturning: one envisions bottom waters upwelling to 1.5 km depth; the other confines overturning beneath a mid-depth Pacific shadow zone (PSZ) shielded from mean advection. Here global inverse modelling reveals a PSZ where mean ages exceed 1400 years with overturning beneath. The PSZ is supplied primarily by Antarctic and North-Atlantic ventilated waters diffusing from below and from the south. Half of PSZ waters re-surface in the Southern Ocean, a quarter in the subarctic Pacific. The abyssal North Pacific, despite strong overturning, has mean re-surfacing times also exceeding 1400 years because of diffusion into the overlying PSZ. These results imply that diffusive transports – distinct from overturning transports – are a leading control on Pacific nutrient and carbon storage. The deep North Pacific is the end of the road for global ocean circulation, but the circulation patterns and ventilation are poorly understood. Here the authors show that diffusive transports both along and across density layers play a leading role in returning 1,400 year old water to the surface.
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