The ecological traces of growth: economic growth, liberalization, increased consumption—and sustainable urban development?
The ecological traces of growth: economic growth, liberalization, increased consumption—and sustainable urban development?
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增长的生态痕迹：经济增长、自由化、消费增加——以及可持续的城市发展？
DOI：
10.1002/jepp.84
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Petter Næss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Høyer;Petter Næss
本文以建筑存量和实体基础设施的发展为例，强调了将富裕国家的持续经济增长与环境可持续发展的要求结合起来的困难。我们通过“生态效率”能走多远有明显的局限性，如果消费量持续增加，向对环境危害较小的消费类型过渡的效果还不够。这对于建筑物的建造和有形基础设施的开发等社会进程尤其明显。消费增长既是经济增长的结果，也是经济增长的前提。城市建筑存量和物质基础设施的发展表明，经济增长——无论如何，从长远来看——很难与物种、生态系统和粮食生产资源的保护相一致。建筑存量的增长也使得限制能源使用和减少二氧化碳排放变得越来越困难。版权所有 © 2001 约翰·威利父子有限公司
Using the development of the building stock and physical infrastructure as an example, this article highlights the difficulties in combining continuous economic growth in wealthy countries with the requirements of environmentally sustainable development. There are clear limits as to how far we can get by means of ‘eco-efficiency’, and the effect of a transition to less environmentally harmful types of consumption is not sufficient if the consumption volume keeps on increasing. This is particularly evident for societal processes such as the construction of buildings and the development of physical infrastructure. Increased consumption is both a result of and a precondition for economic growth. The development of the building stock and physical infrastructure in cities is a case showing that economic growth—at any rate, in the longer term—can hardly be consistent with the preservation of species, ecosystems and food-production resources. The growth in the building stock also makes it increasingly difficult to limit energy use and reduce carbon–dioxide emissions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.