Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.03.006
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bookstein, FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitteroecker, P;Gunz, P;Bookstein, FL
分子数据表明，人类与黑猩猩的亲缘关系比与大猩猩的亲缘关系更密切，但人们发现，在颅面形态上最相似的物种是类人猿，而人类除外。为了阐明这些差异在个体发育中如何以及何时出现，我们研究了智人、泛猿、泛穴居人、大猩猩和侏儒猿的个体发育轨迹。在268个成人和亚成人颅骨上收集了总共96个面部和颅底的传统三维标志和半标志，进行几何形态测量分析。通过各种技术来比较个体发生轨迹，包括一种新方法，尺寸-形状空间中的相对扭曲。我们发现成年智人标本在形状空间和尺寸-形状空间上与类人猿明显分开。智人婴儿在出生时就已经与类人猿显着不同，它们在这个年龄段有重叠，但在出生后却出现了分歧。结果表明，智人和潘人之间微小的遗传差异影响了早期人类个体发育，从而导致了不同的成年人颅面形态。纯粹的异时性并不能充分解释人类颅面形态或非洲猿之间的差异。 (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Molecular data suggest that humans are more closely related to chimpanzees than either is to the gorillas, yet one finds the closest similarity in craniofacial morphology to be among the great apes to the exclusion of humans. To clarify how and when these differences arise in ontogeny, we studied ontogenetic trajectories for Homo sapiens, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla and Pongo pygmaeus. A total of 96 traditional three-dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks on the face and cranial base were collected on 268 adult and sub-adult crania for a geometric morphometric analysis. The ontogenetic trajectories are compared by various techniques, including a new method, relative warps in size-shape space. We find that adult Homo sapiens specimens are clearly separated from the great apes in shape space and size-shape space. Around birth, Homo sapiens infants are already markedly different from the great apes, which overlap at this age but diverge among themselves postnatally. The results suggest that the small genetic differences between Homo and Pan affect early human ontogeny to induce the distinct adult human craniofacial morphology. Pure heterochrony does not sufficiently explain the human craniofacial morphology nor the differences among the African apes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.