Direct and indirect effect of predators on Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
Direct and indirect effect of predators on Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.012
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kweka, Eliningaya J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chobu, Mariam;Nkwengulila, Gamba;Kweka, Eliningaya J.
媒介对杀虫剂的抗药性增加以及杀虫剂对有益生物造成的生态危害阻碍了蚊子的化学控制努力。生物防治将降低杀虫剂耐受性，但生物多样性的朋友。研究了亲食蚊鱼和鲫鱼对冈比亚按蚊的捕食性和非捕食性作用及幼虫存活率。在测定捕食率时，将单个饥饿的捕食者暴露于三龄幼虫。冈比亚公司密度分别为20、60和100。在每种密度下对两种捕食者食蚊鱼和鲫鱼设置六个重复。每隔12和24 h监测一次幼虫密度。在评估间接影响时：冈比亚按蚊s.s.在捕食者栖息地的水中和非捕食者栖息地的水中饲养三种密度20、60和100的第一龄幼虫。监测幼虫，直到他们出现的成年人，幼虫存活率和性别比（女性总出现的蚊子），从两个水栖息地出现的成年人进行了测定。冈比亚按蚊20只妊娠雌蚊的产卵选择性。提供了三种产卵选择，一种含有来自捕食者栖息地的水而没有捕食者，第二种含有来自捕食者的水而有捕食者，第三种含有来自非捕食者栖息地的水。食蚊鱼和鲫鱼各设20个重复。冈比亚按蚊的存活率。在非捕食性天敌生境中饲养的幼虫比在捕食性天敌生境中饲养的高。许多男性出现在水从非捕食性水栖息地，而更多的女性出现在捕食者的栖息地水。在自来水中产卵的数量多于捕食者栖息地和捕食者栖息地中产卵的数量。饥饿的鲫鱼和食蚊鱼在24 h内可100%地摄食3龄仔鱼。这项研究的结果表明，食蚊鱼和鲫鱼可能有助于调节蚊子种群，有利于益虫。然而，在复杂的食物链系统中，需要进行小规模的试验，以确定观察到的捕食和利它素效应。(C)© 2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
The increased insecticides resistance by vectors and the ecological harm imposed by insecticides to beneficial organisms drawback mosquitoes chemical control efforts. Biological control would reduce insecticides tolerance and yet biodiversity friend. The predatory and non-predatory effects of Gambusia affinis and Carassius auratus on gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu strict and larvae survivorship were assessed. In determining predation rate, a single starved predator was exposed to third instar larvae of An. gambiae s.s. in different densities 20,60 and 100. Six replicates in each of the densities for both predators, Gambusia affinis and Carassius auratus, were set up. The larvae densities were monitored in every 12 and 24 h. In assessing indirect effects: Anopheles gambiae s.s. first instar larvae of three densities 20, 60 and 100 were reared in water from a predator habitat and water from non-predator habitat. Larvae were monitored until they emerged to adults where larval survivorship and sex ratio (Female to total emerged mosquitoes) of the emerged adult from both water habitats were determined. Oviposition preference: twenty gravid females of Anopheles gambiae s.s. were provided with three oviposition choices, one containing water from predator habitat without a predator, the second with water from a predator with a predator and the third with water from non-predatory habitat The number of eggs laid on each container was counted daily. There were 20 replicates for each predator, Gambusia affinis and Carassius auratus. Survivorship of Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae reared in water from non-predator habitat was higher than those reared in water from the predator habitats. Many males emerged in water from non-predatory water habitats while more females emerged from predator's habitats water. More eggs laid in tap water than in water from predator habitat and water from predator habitat with live predator. In 24 h, a starved Carassius auratus and Gambusia affinis were able to consume 100% of the 3rd instar larvae. The findings from this study suggest that Gambusia affinis and Carassius auratus may be useful in regulating mosquito populations in favour of beneficial insects. However, a small scale trial shall be needed in complex food chain system to ascertain the observed predation and kairomones effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.