Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health: Pathophysiologic Insights.
Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health: Pathophysiologic Insights.
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DOI：
10.1097/crd.0000000000000417
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发表时间：
2022-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Robbins, Jeremy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Belanger, Matthew J.;Rao, Prashant;Robbins, Jeremy M.
身体活动及其持续和有目的的表现-运动-促进广泛和多样化的代谢和心血管健康益处。定期锻炼是改善心肺功能的最有效方法，是衡量一个人的整体心血管、肺和代谢健康的指标，也是未来健康风险的最强预测指标之一。在这里，我们描述了运动如何影响与心脏代谢健康相关的各个器官系统，包括通过提高骨骼肌葡萄糖利用效率和增强胰岛素敏感性来促进胰岛素和葡萄糖稳态;身体成分和肥胖的有益变化;以及改善心脏力学和血管健康。随后，我们确定了运动科学中仍然存在的知识差距，包括运动反应的异质性。虽然分子谱技术在运动科学中的应用已经开始阐明控制运动诱导的健康促进的生化途径，但大部分工作都集中在单个器官系统和应用单一平台上。对运动诱导的分泌小分子和蛋白质的新见解，赋予其在遥远的器官（“运动因子”）的影响，强调需要一个综合的方法来研究运动及其全球影响;正在进行的努力。
Physical activity and its sustained and purposeful performance – exercise – promote a broad and diverse set of metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits. Regular exercise is the most effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, a measure of one’s global cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic health and one of the strongest predictors of future health risk. Here, we describe how exercise affects individual organ systems related to cardiometabolic health, including the promotion of insulin and glucose homeostasis through improved efficiency in skeletal muscle glucose utilization and enhanced insulin sensitivity; beneficial changes in body composition and adiposity; and improved cardiac mechanics and vascular health. We subsequently identify knowledge gaps that remain in exercise science, including heterogeneity in exercise responsiveness. While the application of molecular profiling technologies in exercise science has begun to illuminate the biochemical pathways that govern exercise-induced health promotion, much of this work has focused on individual organ systems and applied single platforms. New insights into exercise-induced secreted small molecules and proteins that impart their effects in distant organs (“exerkines”) highlight the need for an integrated approach towards the study of exercise and its global effects; efforts that are ongoing.