TESTING THE OUTPUT HYPOTHESIS
TESTING THE OUTPUT HYPOTHESIS
复制标题
检验产出假设
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sarah Fearnow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shinichi Izumi;Martha Bigelow;Miho Fujiwara;Sarah Fearnow
本研究探讨了Swain(1993,1995,1998)提出的输出功能之一。特别是，在某些情况下，产生目标语的活动可能会促使二语学习者认识到他们的一些语言问题，并提请他们注意一些他们需要发现的关于他们的二语的东西。提出了两个研究问题：(A)输出是否促进了对语言形式的注意？以及(B)输出是否会提高目标表单的性能？在治疗阶段1，参与者在接触了一段短的通道后重建了它，然后第二次接触相同的输入材料和第二次重建机会。在第二阶段，参与者就给定的主题撰写文章，然后介绍由母语人士编写的模型。参与者第二次就同一主题进行了写作。为了测试输出的注意功能，受试者在他们认为对随后的(重现)句子“特别必要”的部分句子下划线。控制组接触相同的输入材料，但不要求产生任何输出。虽然第一阶段的任务导致注意并立即融入目标形式，但后测表现并没有揭示它们的影响。相反，第二阶段的任务改善了第二阶段的测试。研究结果从输出促进注意和学习的有效性以及输出对二语习得有用的条件两个方面进行了讨论。
This study addresses one of the functions of output proposed by Swain (1993, 1995, 1998). In particular, the activity of producing the target language may, under certain circumstances, prompt L2 learners to recognize some of their linguistic problems and bring to their attention something they need to discover about their L2. Two research questions were posed: (a) Does output promote noticing of linguistic form? and (b) Does output result in improved performance on the target form? In treatment phase 1, participants reconstructed a short passage after being exposed to it, followed by a second exposure to the same input material and a second reconstruction opportunity. In phase 2, participants wrote on given topics, followed by the presentation of a model written by a native speaker. Participants wrote a second time on the same topic. To test the noticing function of output, participants underlined parts of the sentences they thought were “particularly necessary” for subsequent (re)production. The control group was exposed to the same input materials but was not required to produce any output. Although phase 1 tasks resulted in noticing and immediate incorporation of the target form, the posttest performance failed to reveal their effects. In contrast, phase 2 tasks resulted in improvement on posttest 2. The results are discussed in terms of the efficacy of output in promoting noticing and learning and the conditions that may be required for output to be useful for SLA.