Bats are unusually insensitive to brief low-frequency tones.
Bats are unusually insensitive to brief low-frequency tones.
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蝙蝠对短暂的低频音调异常不敏感。
DOI：
10.1007/s00359-019-01349-x
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Heffner,HenryE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heffner,RickyeS;Koay,Gimseong;Heffner,HenryE
蝙蝠用简短的叫声来进行回声定位，这表明它们可能比没有回声定位的哺乳动物对简短的声音更敏感。为了研究这种可能性，研究人员对四种蝙蝠确定了简短音调的绝对阈值：普通吸血蝙蝠（Desmodus rotundus）和大矛鼻蝙蝠（Phyllostomus hastatus），这两种蝙蝠都使用调频叫声，埃及果蝠（Rousettus aegyptiacus）是一种使用舌声而不是喉音的回声定位器，狗脸果蝠（Cynopterus brachyotis）是一种不使用回声定位的物种。挪威大鼠和人类使用相同的声音刺激进行比较测试。与预期相反，在探测回声定位叫声频率范围内的简短音调方面，回声定位蝙蝠并不比非回声定位的哺乳动物优越。相反，所有四种蝙蝠对10千赫及以下的简短声音的敏感度都明显低于非蝙蝠。这意味着哺乳动物听觉系统的时间总和可以显示出巨大的物种差异，并且对简短声音的检测可能受到每个物种的选择压力以及听觉系统中能量的物理整合的影响。这种物种在功能上的差异预计会反映在它们听觉系统的生理上。
Bats use brief calls for echolocation, suggesting that they might be more sensitive to brief sounds than non-echolocating mammals. To investigate this possibility, absolute thresholds for brief tones were determined for four species of bats: The Common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and the Greater spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), both of which use frequency-modulated calls, the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), an echolocator that uses tongue-clicks rather than laryngeal calls, and the Dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis), a non-echolocating species. Norway rats and a human were tested for comparison using the same acoustic stimuli. Contrary to expectations, the echolocating bats were not superior to non-echolocating mammals in detecting brief tones in the frequency range of their echolocation calls. Instead, all four species of bats were remarkablylesssensitive than non-bats to brief sounds of 10 kHz and below. This implies that temporal summation in the mammalian auditory system can show large species differences, and that the detection of brief sound is likely influenced by the selective pressures on each species as well as by the physical integration of energy in the auditory system. Such species differences in function are expected to be reflected in the physiology of their auditory systems.