From reflex to skill: the training of coordination.
From reflex to skill: the training of coordination.
复制标题
从反应到技能：协调性训练。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
F. Kottke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Kottke
所有的运动活动都是基于固有的反射和高级中枢对这些反射的修改。反射模式是神经元连接的结果，并且保持一致，而不是表现出可变性。只有通过反射通路的整个分布的兴奋传播的程度才会随着刺激强度的变化而变化，因为反射通路保持不变。锥体系统对反射活动的控制是协调自动纹饰发展的先导和基础。然而，只有当患者与患者有亲缘关系，努力程度低，注意力集中在试图进行的单一活动时，才能通过金字塔系统实施精确的控制。只有重复该印记的精确图案才能形成印记。在重复一个精确的模式时，对不应该出现在模式中的肌肉的抑制与对参与模式的肌肉的兴奋同样重要。数千次重复才能开始形成一个印记，数百万次重复才能使其完美。协调能力的发展与练习字母的重复次数成正比，略低于最大执行能力水平。我们最强、最快、最复杂的运动模式的表现是锥体外系的功能。
All motor activity is based on inherent reflexes and on modification of those reflexes by higher centers. The reflex patterns are developed as the result of the neuronal connections and remain consistent rather than showing variability. It is only the extent of spread of excitation through the entire distribution of the reflex pathway that changes with intensity of stimulation byt the reflex pathway remains constant. Control of reflex activity by the pyramidal system precedes and is the basis for the development of the automatic engrams of coordination. However, precise control can be exerted through the pyramidal system only when the patient is related, the effort is low, and attention is directed to the single activity being attempted. An engram is formed only by repetition of the precise pattern of that engram. In the repetition of a precise pattern the inhibition of muscles which should not be in the pattern is as important as the excitation of the muscles which participate in the pattern. Thousands of repetitions are required to begin to form an engram and millions of repetitions are necessary to perfect it. Coordination is developed in proportion to the number of repetitions of an engram practiced just below the maximal level of ability to perform. The performance of our strongest, fastest, and most complex motor patterns is a function of the extrapyramidal system.