Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record
Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x
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发表时间：
2000-12
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Michael D. Fleming;F. Stuart Chapin;Wolfgang Cramer;G. Hufford;M. Serreze
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael D. Fleming;F. Stuart Chapin;Wolfgang Cramer;G. Hufford;M. Serreze
来自阿拉斯加稀疏的气候站网络的数据被插值，以提供1公里分辨率的月平均温度和降水量地图-这些变量需要以高空间分辨率输入到生态过程和资源管理的区域模型中。插值模型基于薄板平滑样条，它使用空间数据沿着数字高程模型来结合当地地形。该模型提供的地图与区域气候学和经验丰富的天气预报员识别的模式一致。阿拉斯加气候的广泛模式得到了很好的代表，包括温度和降水的纬度和海拔趋势以及大陆性的梯度。这些广泛模式内的变化反映了夏季期间阿拉斯加南部向东移动的低气压中心的减弱和频率降低，以及夏末风暴路径进入阿拉斯加中部和北方的转变。毫不奇怪，内插气候的明显人为因素主要发生在很少或没有台站的地区。该插值模型并不能准确地代表发生在大山谷和盆地内的低层冬季温度逆温。沿着公认的气候模式，该模型捕捉了当地地形的影响，将无法使用标准的插值技术。这表明，类似的程序可以用于生成其他高纬度地区的高分辨率地图，这些地区的数据密度很低。
Data from a sparse network of climate stations in Alaska were interpolated to provide 1‐km resolution maps of mean monthly temperature and precipitation–‐variables that are required at high spatial resolution for input into regional models of ecological processes and resource management. The interpolation model is based on thin‐plate smoothing splines, which uses the spatial data along with a digital elevation model to incorporate local topography. The model provides maps that are consistent with regional climatology and with patterns recognized by experienced weather forecasters. The broad patterns of Alaskan climate are well represented and include latitudinal and altitudinal trends in temperature and precipitation and gradients in continentality. Variations within these broad patterns reflect both the weakening and reduction in frequency of low‐pressure centres in their eastward movement across southern Alaska during the summer, and the shift of the storm tracks into central and northern Alaska in late summer. Not surprisingly, apparent artifacts of the interpolated climate occur primarily in regions with few or no stations. The interpolation model did not accurately represent low‐level winter temperature inversions that occur within large valleys and basins. Along with well‐recognized climate patterns, the model captures local topographic effects that would not be depicted using standard interpolation techniques. This suggests that similar procedures could be used to generate high‐ resolution maps for other high‐latitude regions with a sparse density of data.