THE INTERNAL PH OF MAST-CELL GRANULES
THE INTERNAL PH OF MAST-CELL GRANULES
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DOI：
10.1016/0014-5793(80)81050-7
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
SCARPA, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JOHNSON, RG;CARTY, SE;SCARPA, A
肥大细胞存在于除血液和淋巴外的身体所有解剖结构中，具有在哺乳动物细胞中发现的生物胺组胺和5-羟色胺（S-羟色胺）的最大含量之一[1，2]。这些胺，沿着大量的阴离子粘多糖肝素和蛋白水解酶，以高浓度储存在肥大细胞的嗜酸性储存颗粒中[3，4]。球形肥大细胞颗粒的大小在300-800 nm之间变化，可以通过光学显微镜容易地观察到[5]。根据[4]，组胺是通过组氨酸脱羧酶从肥大细胞胞质溶胶中的组氨酸合成的，然而荧光显微镜已经确定组胺仅以高浓度定位在颗粒中[5]。尽管这一证据表明，组胺以明显的浓度梯度活跃地积聚到肥大细胞颗粒中，但组胺和5-羟色胺转运和储存的精确机制尚不清楚。肥大细胞颗粒、染色质颗粒和血小板致密颗粒之间存在相当大的相似性。就存在高含量的碱性生物胺而言，与贮存复合物有关的大分子和酸性分子的存在，相关肽激素的存在，以及刺激偶联机制的释放[1，671]。嗜铬颗粒和血小板颗粒分别储存大量的儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺，它们的显著之处在于，即使在分离和在中性pH下重悬后，它们也都保持5.5的明显酸性的颗粒内pH [6-81]。有很好的证据表明，这种囊内酸性pH值是由颗粒膜内的H+转运ATP酶产生的;
Mast cells, which are found in all anatomical structures of the body except the blood and lymph, possess one of the largest contents of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin (S-hydroxytryptamine) found within mammalian cells [1, 2]. These amines, along with large amounts of the anionjc mucopolysaccharide heparin and proteolytic enzymes, are stored in high concentration within the osmophilic storage granules of the mast cell [3, 4]. Varying in size from 300-800 nm, the spherical mast cell granules can be easily viewed by light microscopy [5]. According to [4] histamine is synthesized from histidine in the cytosol of the mast cell via the enzyme histidine decarboxylase, however fluorescence microscopy has established that histamine is localized in high concentration only in the granules [5]. Although this evidence suggests active~ stamine accumulation into mast cell granules against an apparent concentration gradient, the precise mechanism by which histamine and serotonin are transported and stored is unknown.Considerable similarity exists between the mast cell granule, the chromaffm granule, and the platelet dense granule with respect to the existence of a high content of basic biogenic amines, the presence of large i& acidic molecules implicated in the storage complex, the presence of associated peptide hormones, and the release by a stimulus coupling mechanism [1,671. Chromaffin granules and platelet granules, which store large quantities of catecholamines and serotonin, respectively, are remarkable in that they both maintain a distinctly acidic intragranular pH of 5.5 even after isolation and resuspension at neutral pH [6-81. There is good evidence that this intravesicular acidic pH is generated by a H+-translocating ATPase within the granule membrane; the