Behavioural plasticity in support of a benefit for aggregation pheromone use in Drosophila melanogaster
Behavioural plasticity in support of a benefit for aggregation pheromone use in Drosophila melanogaster
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行为可塑性支持果蝇聚集信息素使用的益处
DOI：
10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00954.x
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
L. Vet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Wertheim;M. Dicke;L. Vet
我们探讨了行为可塑性的聚集信息素在果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科）的使用。根据以往的现场观察，我们制定了两个假设的好处，使用聚集信息素聚集产卵。一种假设是对雌性本身有利，减少雄性的骚扰可以提高产卵率;另一种假设是对它们的后代有利，幼虫可以更有效地利用艰苦的基质。我们得出对比的期望的强度的行为反应信息素的底物，不同的营养质量的幼虫。高品质的基板放松幼虫竞争的强度，这使得更强的聚集性反应的女性，但相反，它可能会产生聚集不太必要的利益时，资源开发的幼虫。在室内和室外双重选择设置中，我们测试了成虫对不同质量底物的聚集信息素的行为反应，并检查了产卵行为。聚集信息素的成人的反应是强大的和强大的低品质的基板，但显着较弱的高品质的基板。这支持了对幼虫有益的假设。雌性保留聚集信息素在产卵基板的情况下，至少24小时。在室外设置中，具有聚集信息素的基质接收的卵是对照基质的三倍多，这与访问每个基质的成虫数量直接相关。人均，产卵率没有不同的大小聚集，因此，没有证据表明，在支持的假设减少骚扰。结合聚集信息素拥有和互利互惠的关系与微生物果蝇和其他昆虫进行了讨论。
We explored behavioural plasticity in the use of aggregation pheromone in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Based on previous field observations, we formulated two hypotheses on a benefit of using aggregation pheromone for aggregated oviposition. One hypothesis concerns a benefit to the females themselves, where reduced harassment by males can enhance oviposition rate; the other concerns a benefit to their offspring, where larvae can exploit arduous substrates more efficiently. We derive contrasting expectations on the strength of the behavioural response to pheromone for substrates that differ in nutritional quality to larvae. High quality substrates relax the strength of larval competition, which allows for stronger aggregative responses of the females, but conversely, it may yield aggregation less necessary when the benefit is related to resource exploitation by the larvae. In indoor and outdoor dual choice set‐ups, we tested the behavioural responses of the adults to the aggregation pheromone with substrates of varying quality, and examined oviposition behaviour. The response of adults to the aggregation pheromone was strong and robust for low quality substrates, but significantly weaker for a high quality substrate. This supports the hypothesis on a benefit to the larvae. Females retained aggregation pheromones in the absence of oviposition substrates for at least 24 h. In the outdoor set‐up, substrate with aggregation pheromone received more than three times as many eggs as control substrates, and this was directly related to the number of adults that visited each substrate. Per capita, oviposition rates were not different for differently sized aggregations, and consequently, no evidence was found in support of the hypothesis on reduced harassment. The combination of aggregation pheromone possession and a mutualistic relationship with micro‐organisms for Drosophila and other insects is discussed.