Atmospheric trace element concentrations in total suspended particles near Paris, France
Atmospheric trace element concentrations in total suspended particles near Paris, France
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.035
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
S. Ayrault;A. Senhou;M. Moskura;A. Gaudry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ayrault;A. Senhou;M. Moskura;A. Gaudry
为了评估当今大城市地区大气中微量元素的浓度，从2002年3月至2003年9月，在巴黎附近的萨克雷进行了为期18个月的大气调查。在石英纤维过滤器上连续收集总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）。采用仪器中子活化分析（INAA）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）两种分析方法测定了TSP中Ag、Bi、Mo、Sb等36种元素的含量。测得的浓度在不确定度范围内与聚碳酸酯参比物质过滤器SRM-2783（美国国家标准技术研究所NIST，USA）的认证值一致。测得的浓度大大低于建议的大气浓度。2003年，萨克雷大气中的铅含量为15纳克/立方米，而1994年的指导值为500纳克/立方米，观测值为200纳克/立方米。根据研究结果，推断出典型城市TSP背景值As、Co、Cr、Cu和Sb分别为1-2、0.2-1、4-6、10-30和3- 5 ng/m3，并与文献资料进行了比较。典型的城市背景TSP浓度不能实现镉，铅和锌，因为这些空气中的浓度是高度受当地特色。在Saclay观察到的锌浓度和锌/铅比值代表了巴黎及其郊区锌制屋顶异常大范围的特征指纹。Ba、Cr、Cu、Pb和Sb的来源与交通有关，而Ag的大气来源未被确定。
To evaluate today’s trace element atmospheric concentrations in large urban areas, an atmospheric survey was carried out for 18 months, from March 2002 to September 2003, in Saclay, nearby Paris. The total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was collected continuously on quartz fibre filters. The TSP contents were determined for 36 elements (including Ag, Bi, Mo and Sb) using two analytical methods: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The measured concentrations were in agreement within the uncertainties with the certified values for the polycarbonate reference material filter SRM-2783 (National Institute for Standard Technology NIST, USA). The measured concentrations were significantly lower than the recommended atmospheric concentrations. In 2003, the Pb atmospheric level at Saclay was 15ng/m3, compared to the 500ng/m3guideline level and to the 200ng/m3observed value in 1994. The typical urban background TSP values of 1–2, 0.2–1, 4–6, 10–30 and 3–5ng/m3for As, Co, Cr, Cu and Sb, respectively, were inferred from this study and were compared with the literature data. The typical urban background TSP concentrations could not be realised for Cd, Pb and Zn, since these air concentrations are highly influenced by local features. The Zn concentrations and Zn/Pb ratio observed in Saclay represented a characteristic fingerprint of the exceptionally large extent of zinc-made roofs in Paris and its suburbs. The traffic-related origin of Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb and Sb was demonstrated, while the atmospheric source(s) of Ag was not identified.