Reproductive hormones and bone.
Reproductive hormones and bone.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11914-010-0014-3
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Gaddy, Dana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicks, Kristy M;Fowler, Tristan W;Gaddy, Dana
下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)刺激垂体黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)的分泌，直接调节卵巢功能。垂体FSH可以调节破骨细胞的发育，从而影响骨的转换。催产素和催乳素对骨骼的影响不仅限于妊娠和哺乳期；催产素刺激成骨细胞的形成和骨的形成，而催乳素以年龄依赖的方式对骨骼产生影响。抑制素和雌激素的周期性水平分别抑制FSH和LH，也通过抑制成骨细胞和破骨细胞分化来抑制骨转换。然而，连续暴露于抑制素或雌激素/雄激素对完整动物的骨骼是合成代谢的，并保护性腺切除所致的骨丢失。下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)中一种激素的变化会影响该轴整个反馈回路中的其他骨活性激素。因此，我们建议将HPG轴的作用扩展到包括其对骨骼的综合影响，从而创建HPG骨骼(HPGS)轴。
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates secretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which directly regulate ovarian function. Pituitary FSH can modulate osteoclast development, and thereby influence bone turnover. Pituitary oxytocin and prolactin effects on the skeleton are not merely limited to pregnancy and lactation; oxytocin stimulates osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, whereas prolactin exerts skeletal effects in an age-dependent manner. Cyclic levels of inhibins and estrogen suppress FSH and LH, respectively, and also suppress bone turnover via their suppressive effects on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. However, continuous exposure to inhibins or estrogen/androgens is anabolic for the skeleton in intact animals and protects against gonadectomy-induced bone loss. Alterations of one hormone in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis influence other bone-active hormones in the entire feedback loop in the axis. Thus, we propose that the action of the HPG axis should be extended to include its combined effects on the skeleton, thus creating the HPG skeletal (HPGS) axis.