Microscale Photopatterning of Through-thickness Modulus in a Monolithic and Functionally Graded 3D Printed Part.
Microscale Photopatterning of Through-thickness Modulus in a Monolithic and Functionally Graded 3D Printed Part.
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DOI：
10.1002/smsc.202000017
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发表时间：
2021-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. C. Uzcategui;Callie I. Higgins;John E. Hergert;Andrew E. Tomaschke;Victor Crespo-Cuevas;V. Ferguson;S. Bryant;R. McLeod;J. Killgore
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作者：
A. C. Uzcategui;Callie I. Higgins;John E. Hergert;Andrew E. Tomaschke;Victor Crespo-Cuevas;V. Ferguson;S. Bryant;R. McLeod;J. Killgore
3D打印正在改变从组织工程到光学等应用的传统加工方法。为了实现其最大潜力，3D打印需要一种强大的技术来生产具有精确三维（x，y和z）机械性能控制的结构。先前实现3D打印部件内的模量的这种空间控制的努力主要集中在低分辨率（mm到cm尺度）多材料工艺和灰度方法上，这些方法在空间上改变x-y平面中的模量，以及基于能量剂量（E = I 0 t exp）的模型，这些模型不考虑树脂对辐照强度的次线性响应。在这里，我们展示了一种新的方法，通过厚度（z）体素控制的机械性能在一个单一的材料，单片零件。局部模量的控制是通过一个预测模型，结合所观察到的材料的非互易剂量响应。原子力显微镜的应用程序，以映射的多层3D部件上的贯穿厚度模量的模型进行了验证。总的来说，在基于聚（乙二醇）二丙烯酸酯的3D结构中实现了模量的平滑渐变（30 MPa变化超过1.75 μ m）和急剧阶跃变化（30 MPa变化超过1.55 μm），为组织工程，刺激响应4D打印和梯度超材料的进步铺平了道路。
3D printing is transforming traditional processing methods for applications ranging from tissue engineering to optics. To fulfill its maximum potential, 3D printing requires a robust technique for producing structures with precise three-dimensional (x, y and z) control of mechanical properties. Previous efforts to realize such spatial control of modulus within 3D printed parts have largely focused on low-resolution (mm to cm scale) multi-material processes and grayscale approaches that spatially vary the modulus in the x-y plane and energy dose-based (E = I 0 t exp) models that do not account for the resin's sub-linear response to irradiation intensity. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach for through-thickness (z) voxelated control of mechanical properties within a single-material, monolithic part. Control over the local modulus is enabled by a predictive model that incorporates the observed non-reciprocal dose response of the material. The model is validated by an application of atomic force microscopy to map the through-thickness modulus on multi-layered 3D parts. Overall, both smooth gradations (30 MPa change over ≈75 μm) and sharp step-changes (30 MPa change over ≈5 μm) in modulus are realized in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate based 3D constructs, paving the way for advancements in tissue engineering, stimuli-responsive 4D printing and graded metamaterials.