Telltale eyes: the lateral visual systems of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids (Arthropoda, Chelicerata) and their palaeobiological implications
Telltale eyes: the lateral visual systems of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids (Arthropoda, Chelicerata) and their palaeobiological implications
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泄露秘密的眼睛：莱尼什下泥盆统广翅目（节肢动物门、螯肢动物）的横向视觉系统及其古生物学意义
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
V. McCoy
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作者：
M. Poschmann;B. Schoenemann;V. McCoy
本文研究了莱茵河早泥盆世广翅目三个类群的复眼，并与其他广翅目和现存鲎的复眼进行了比较。小种Rhenopterus diensti的侧眼是Stylonurine分支的一个基本代表，其特征是晶状体数量相对较少和大的眼间角Δφ（2.8°）。R. diensti与L. polyphemus比它的较近的亲属的广翅类分支，也许这反映了侧眼结构的进展，在广翅类作为一个整体的进化。西氏腺眼虫的眼小面数目高于埋伏捕食者卡明尖尾虫，但低于其他“游泳”广翅目动物。由于保存不佳，无法分析该物种的其他眼睛参数，但进一步的形态学属性和地理分布指定了中型A。作为一名游泳健将，西维尔奇。小于1°的低interrommatidial角Δφ证实了Jaekelopterus juaniae的视觉能力与这种巨型物种作为活跃的高级捕食者的解释一致。这三种共存的莱茵宽翅类的成年个体的推断生活方式表明生态位分化，在一定程度上避免了在边缘海洋到三角洲平原过渡栖息地的食物竞争。
The compound eyes of three taxa of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids are examined and compared with those known from other eurypterids and the extant horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. The lateral eyes of the small species Rhenopterus diensti, a phylogenetically basal representative of the stylonurine clade, are characterized by a comparatively low number of lenses and high interommatidial angle Δφ (2.8°). The comparatively limited visual capacities of R. diensti are more similar to L. polyphemus than to its closer relatives of the eurypterine clade and perhaps this reflects a progression of lateral eye structure in the evolution of eurypterids as a whole. The number of eye facets in Adelophthalmus sievertsi is higher than that in the supposed ambush predator Acutiramus cummingsi, but lower than that in other ‘swimming’ eurypterids (Eurypterina). Due to poor preservation, no other eye parameters could be analysed in this species, but further morphological attributes and geographical distribution designate the mid‐sized A. sievertsi as an able swimmer. A low interommatidial angle Δφ of less than 1° confirms that the visual capacities of Jaekelopterus rhenaniae are in line with an interpretation of this giant species as an active high‐level predator. The inferred lifestyles of adult individuals of these three, co‐occurring Rhenish eurypterids indicate niche differentiation avoiding to some degree the competition for food in their marginal marine to delta plain transitional habitats.