Dead or Alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor Reduce the Life Span of Winter Honeybees
Dead or Alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor Reduce the Life Span of Winter Honeybees
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.06537-11
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Neumann, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dainat, Benjamin;Evans, Jay D.;Neumann, Peter
管理蜂群冬季损失增加是一个主要问题，但潜在的机制仍然存在争议。其中的嫌疑人是寄生螨狄斯瓦螨，微孢子虫微孢子虫和相关病毒。在这里，我们假设病原体减少预期寿命的冬季蜜蜂，从而构成了一个近似的机制，为殖民地的损失。从2007年夏季到2007/2008年冬季，在瑞士进行了为期6个月的菌落监测。每天采集死亡工蜂个体，定量检测工蜂体内的蜜蜂畸形翅病毒（DWV）、蜜蜂急性麻痹病毒（ABPV）、蜜蜂细小病毒（N。以及卵黄蛋白原基因的表达水平作为蜜蜂寿命的生物标志物。未能在冬季存活下来的殖民地的工人从晚秋开始寿命缩短，更有可能感染DWV，并且DWV负荷更高。寄生螨狄斯瓦螨的感染和DWV的个体感染的群体水平也与蜜蜂预期寿命降低。与此形成鲜明对比的是，N.宫颈感染与寿命无关。此外，卵黄蛋白原基因的表达与ABPV和N呈显著正相关。很大的负荷。这些结果强烈地表明，V. destructor和DWV（但不是N。certainnor ABPV）减少冬蜂的寿命，从而构成蜜蜂群体损失的可能的简约机制。
Elevated winter losses of managed honeybee colonies are a major concern, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Among the suspects are the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, and associated viruses. Here we hypothesize that pathogens reduce the life expectancy of winter bees, thereby constituting a proximate mechanism for colony losses. A monitoring of colonies was performed over 6 months in Switzerland from summer 2007 to winter 2007/2008. Individual dead workers were collected daily and quantitatively analyzed for deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), N. ceranae, and expression levels of the vitellogenin gene as a biomarker for honeybee longevity. Workers from colonies that failed to survive winter had a reduced life span beginning in late fall, were more likely to be infected with DWV, and had higher DWV loads. Colony levels of infection with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and individual infections with DWV were also associated with reduced honeybee life expectancy. In sharp contrast, the level of N. ceranae infection was not correlated with longevity. In addition, vitellogenin gene expression was significantly positively correlated with ABPV and N. ceranae loads. The findings strongly suggest that V. destructor and DWV (but neither N. ceranae nor ABPV) reduce the life span of winter bees, thereby constituting a parsimonious possible mechanism for honeybee colony losses.