Dandruff-associated Malassezia genomes reveal convergent and divergent virulence traits shared with plant and human fungal pathogens
Dandruff-associated Malassezia genomes reveal convergent and divergent virulence traits shared with plant and human fungal pathogens
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0706756104
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发表时间：
2007-11-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dawson, Thomas L., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Jun;Saunders, Charles W.;Dawson, Thomas L., Jr.
马拉色菌属真菌是人类和其他温血动物无处不在的皮肤居民。马拉色菌与头皮屑和脂溢性皮炎等疾病有关，这些疾病加起来会影响50%的人类。尽管马拉色菌在常见皮肤病中很重要，但在分子水平上人们知之甚少。我们描述了球状马拉色菌的基因组、分泌蛋白质组和部分基因的表达。此外，我们报告了对限制马拉色菌基因组和分泌蛋白质组的比较调查，限制马拉色菌是与类似皮肤病有关的近亲。对皮肤环境的适应和相关的致病性可能是由于独特的代谢限制和能力所致。例如，球形分枝杆菌对脂质的依赖可以通过明显缺乏脂肪酸合成酶基因来解释。不能合成脂肪酸可能会被多种分泌脂肪酶的存在所补充，以帮助获得宿主脂类。此外，在球囊微囊藻基因组中还发现了大量编码分泌型水解酶(如脂肪酶、磷脂酶、天冬氨酸蛋白酶和酸性鞘磷脂酶)的基因。相反，与系统发育密切相关的植物病原菌Ustilago maydis编码不同的胞外水解酶基因，具有更多的糖基水解酶基因拷贝。球状念珠菌与白念珠菌具有相似的胞外水解酶，这表明了宿主特异性适应的重要性。球形分枝杆菌的基因组序列也揭示了交配型基因的存在，这表明马拉色菌可能具有性行为能力。
Fungi in the genus Malassezia are ubiquitous skin residents of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Malassezia are involved in disorders including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, which together affect > 50% of humans. Despite the importance of Malassezia in common skin diseases, remarkably little is known at the molecular level. We describe the genome, secretory proteome, and expression of selected genes of Malassezia globosa. Further, we report a comparative survey of the genome and secretory proteome of Malassezia restricta, a close relative implicated in similar skin disorders. Adaptation to the skin environment and associated pathogenicity may be due to unique metabolic limitations and capabilities. For example, the lipid dependence of M. globosa can be explained by the apparent absence of a fatty acid synthase gene. The inability to synthesize fatty acids may be complemented by the presence of multiple secreted lipases to aid in harvesting host lipids. In addition, an abundance of genes encoding secreted hydrolases (e.g., lipases, phospholipases, aspartyl proteases, and acid sphingomyelinases) was found in the M. globosa genome. in contrast, the phylogenetically closely related plant pathogen Ustilago maydis encodes a different arsenal of extracellular hydrolases with more copies of glycosyl hydrolase genes. M. globosa shares a similar arsenal of extracellular hydrolases with the phylogenetically distant human pathogen, Candida albicans, which occupies a similar niche, indicating the importance of host-specific adaptation. The M. globosa genome sequence also revealed the presence of mating-type genes, providing an indication that Malassezia may be capable of sex.