From Chemical Risk Assessment to Environmental Quality Management: The Challenge for Soil Protection
From Chemical Risk Assessment to Environmental Quality Management: The Challenge for Soil Protection
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es101463y
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Voulvoulis, Nikolaos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bone, James;Head, Martin;Voulvoulis, Nikolaos
自“环境革命”开始以来的40年里，保护环境媒体的政策大大增加，公众认识到环境质量的重要性。从对重大事件作出反应的政策，到控制向单一环境介质的释放，再到目前对所有环境介质进行综合管理的立场，已经发生了转变。这一发展已经从传统的化学品风险评估转向环境整体论，包括承认这些介质的生态价值。这项工作详细介绍了空气和水的政策发展情况，并以美国和欧盟为例，将其与土壤政策发展进行比较。与其他环境介质相比，土壤具有非常不同的政策框架和独特的用途，理解和威胁，目前正在引起人们对保护土壤的需要的关注。土壤政策的挑战，确定和评估，并就如何克服这些挑战的建议进行了讨论与相关的水和空气保护政策。
The 40 years that have passed since the beginning of the 'environmental revolution' has seen a large increase in development of policies for the protection of environmental media and a recognition by the public of the importance of environmental quality. There has been a shift from policy in reaction to high profile events, then to control of releases to single environmental media, and to the present position of moving toward integrated management of all environmental media at present This development has moved away from classical chemical risk assessment toward environmental holism, including recognition of the ecological value of these media. This work details how policy developments have taken place for air and water, with examples from the USA and EU, in order to compare this with policy development regarding soil. Soil, with quite different policy frameworks and distinct uses, understanding, and threats compared to other environmental media, is currently attracting attention regarding the need for its protection independent of use. Challenges for soil policy are identified and evaluated, and recommendations on how these challenges can be overcome are discussed with relevance to water and air protection policy.