Macro- and microclimatic interactions can drive variation in species' habitat associations.
Macro- and microclimatic interactions can drive variation in species' habitat associations.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13056
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Hill JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pateman RM;Thomas CD;Hayward SA;Hill JK
许多物种在其范围边缘的前沿的栖息地协会受到更多的限制，但在最近的气候变化期间，一些物种在这些地区扩大了它们的栖息地协会。我们研究了多种相互作用的气候变量对物种栖息地关联的空间和时间模式的影响，使用斑点木蝴蝶，Pararge aegeria，在英国，作为我们的模式分类。我们的分析表明，这种物种，传统上被认为是一种依赖于林地的昆虫，不太局限于冬季温暖和夏季温暖潮湿的地区的林地。此外，在过去40年的气候变化中，该物种已不再局限于气温和夏季降雨量增加最多的地区的林地。我们发现，这些模式出现机械，因为幼虫的生长速度较慢，在开放（即非林地）的栖息地与寒冷的小气候在冬季和夏季更大的宿主植物干燥。我们的结论是，宏观和小气候的相互作用驱动物种的栖息地协会的变化，这对我们的研究物种主要是在气候变化下的栖息地协会扩大。然而，物种的气候和非气候要求各不相同，因此随着气候的变化，未来可能会观察到生境协会变化的复杂时空模式。
Many species are more restricted in their habitat associations at the leading edges of their range margins, but some species have broadened their habitat associations in these regions during recent climate change. We examine the effects of multiple, interacting climatic variables on spatial and temporal patterns of species' habitat associations, using the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, in Britain, as our model taxon. Our analyses reveal that this species, traditionally regarded as a woodland‐dependent insect, is less restricted to woodland in regions with warmer winters and warmer and wetter summers. In addition, over the past 40 years of climate change, the species has become less restricted to woodland in locations where temperature and summer rainfall have increased most. We show that these patterns arise mechanistically because larval growth rates are slower in open (i.e. nonwoodland) habitats associated with colder microclimates in winter and greater host plant desiccation in summer. We conclude that macro‐ and microclimatic interactions drive variation in species' habitat associations, which for our study species resulted predominantly in a widening of habitat associations under climate change. However, species vary in their climatic and nonclimatic requirements, and so complex spatial and temporal patterns of changes in habitat associations are likely to be observed in future as the climate changes.