From a comb to a tree: phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes
From a comb to a tree: phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes
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DOI：
10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00261-6
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Gillespie, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnedo, MA;Coddington, J;Gillespie, RG
从形态学和生态学的角度来看，球蛛科是最多样化的蜘蛛组合之一。这个家族包括蜘蛛中极少数的社会性报告，除了奇怪的觅食行为，如偷窃寄生和食蜘蛛，以及高度多样化的网络结构。球蛛科是蜘蛛目七个最大的科之一，约有2200种。然而，这种物种多样性目前被归类为类似物种丰富度的其他蜘蛛家族所描述的属数的一半。最近的分支分析的形态，数据提供了一个不可否认的进步，以确定最近的亲属的球孢子虫，以及建立家庭的单系。尽管如此，梳足蜘蛛仍然是一个定义不明确的属的组合，其中假设的关系尚未得到彻底的研究。提供一个强大的分支结构，球蛛科是一个重要的一步，澄清组的分类和家庭中发现的不同特征的进化的解释。在这里，我们提出了一个广泛的分类样本的家庭（40类群在33的79个目前公认的属）和9个额外的蜘蛛科的代表，使用约2.5 kb对应的片段的三个核基因（组蛋白3，18SrDNA，和28SrDNA）和两个线粒体基因（16SrDNA和Col）的分子系统发育分析的结果。几种方法将插入缺失信息的系统发育分析进行了探讨，分区支持不同的分支和不同假设的分析结果的敏感性进行了检查。我们的研究结果勉强支持球蛛单系，虽然外群的系统发育结构是不稳定的，在很大程度上违背了目前的系统发育假说的基础上形态数据。在大多数的分析中，有几组球孢子虫得到了强有力的支持：latrodectines，argyrodines，hadrotarsines，一个修订版的spintharines和两个分支，包括所有球孢子虫没有痕迹的丘和那些没有丘刚毛。然而，这些分支的相互关系对数据扰动和分析假设的变化很敏感。(C)2003年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The family Theridiidae is one of the most diverse assemblages of spiders, from both a morphological and ecological point of view. The family includes some of the very few cases of sociality reported in spiders, in addition to bizarre foraging behaviors such as kleptoparasitism and araneophagy, and highly diverse web architecture. Theridiids are one of the seven largest families in the Araneae, with about 2200 species described. However, this species diversity is currently grouped in half the number of genera described for other spider families of similar species richness. Recent cladistic analyses of morphological, data have provided an undeniable advance in identifying the closest relatives of the theridiids as well as establishing the family's monophyly. Nevertheless, the comb-footed spiders remain an assemblage of poorly defined genera, among which hypothesized relationships have yet to be examined thoroughly. Providing a robust cladistic structure,for the Theridiidae is an essential step towards the clarification of the taxonomy of the group and the interpretation of the evolution of the diverse traits found in the family. Here we present results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis of a broad taxonomic sample of the family (40 taxa in 33 of the 79 currently recognized genera) and representatives of nine additional araneoid families, using approximately 2.5 kb corresponding to fragments of three nuclear genes (Histone 3, 18SrDNA, and 28SrDNA) and two mitochondrial genes (16SrDNA and Col). Several methods for incorporating indel information into the phylogenetic analysis are explored,;and partition support for the different clades and sensitivity of the results to different assumptions of the analysis are examined as well. Our results marginally support theridiid monophyly, although the phylogenetic structure of the outgroup is unstable and largely contradicts current phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological data. Several groups of theridiids receive strong support in most of the analyses: latrodectines, argyrodines, hadrotarsines, a revised version of spintharines and two clades including all theridiids without trace of a colulus and those without colular setae. However, the interrelationships of these clades are sensitive to data perturbations and changes in the analysis assumptions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.