Beneficial effects of working later in life on the health of community-dwelling older adults.
Beneficial effects of working later in life on the health of community-dwelling older adults.
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晚年工作对社区老年人健康的有益影响。
DOI：
10.1111/ggi.13184
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kurumatani N. Hosoi H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tomioka K;Kurumatani N. Hosoi H.
目的关于工作对健康影响的证据缺乏连贯性。这项研究旨在确定继续工作到老年是有益还是有害一个人的健康。方法将基线问卷邮寄给居住在日本奈良县两个市的15058名年龄≥65岁的个体。其中，11 183人被归还。分析仅限于那些将各项健康指数维持在基线水平的人。我们对参与者进行了为期3年的随访，并检查了三项健康结果：长期护理需求、认知能力下降和日常生活工具活动（IADL）下降。参与者根据他们的基线工作状态和随访状态分为四组：不工作、退休、开始工作和继续工作。结果经协变量调整后，开始工作的老年男性接受长期护理的可能性降低（优势比[OR] 0.41, 95%置信区间[CI] 0.17-0.98）和IADL下降（OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.84），继续工作的老年男性阻止了长期护理的发生（OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.54）和认知能力下降（OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.96），开始工作的老年女性不太可能需要长期护理(OR 0.24，95% CI 0.09-0.66)和IADL下降（OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.88），与不工作的组相比，继续工作的老年妇女IADL下降的风险显著降低（OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.99）。退休人员与非工作人员在任何健康结果上都没有差异。结论：尽管有益效果因性别和健康结果类型而异，但目前的研究结果表明，鼓励老年人参加工作的政策有助于延长健康预期寿命。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018；18: 308 - 314。
AimEvidence regarding the health effects of working lack coherence. This study seeks to determine if continuing to work into older age benefits or damages one's health.MethodsBaseline questionnaires were mailed to 15 058 individuals aged ≥65 years living in two municipalities in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Of these, 11 183 were returned. Analyses were limited to those who maintained each health index at baseline. We followed the participants for 3 years, and examined three health outcomes: long‐term care need, cognitive decline and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) decline. Participants were divided into four groups according to their baseline working status and follow‐up status: non‐working, retired, initiating work and continuing to work.ResultsAfter covariate adjustments, older men who initiated work had a decreased likelihood for long‐term care (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.98) and IADL decline (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.84), older men who continued working prevented the onset of long‐term care (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09–0.54) and cognitive decline (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.96), older women who initiated working were less likely to require long‐term care (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.66) and IADL decline (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.88), and older women who continued working had a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.99), compared with the non‐working group. Retirees did not differ from the non‐working group in any of the health outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough beneficial effects vary by sex and type of health outcomes, the present findings suggest that policies encouraging older people to participate in the workforce contribute to extending healthy life expectancy.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 308–314.